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ATR 525 - Lower Extremity > Injury Nomenclature > Flashcards

Injury Nomenclature Flashcards

1
Q

Most elastic to least elastic

A 
Skin/Fascia
Muscles
Tendon
Ligament/Capsule
Nerve
Bone
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2
Q

macrotrauma

A

Occurs when a single force exceeds the tissue’s failure point

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3
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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4
Q

-osis

A

degenerative change

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5
Q

microtrauma

A

Occurs with repeated submaximal forces over time, and the tissues are unable to adapt

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6
Q

Trauma Force: Tensile

A

“tearing”

Muscles, tendons, ligaments, and fascia are prone

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7
Q

Trauma Force: Compression

A

Stresses applied at each end of structure (i.e. FOOSH)

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8
Q

Trauma Force: Shear

A

Perpendicularly across the long axis; Results in Transverse fracture & Dislocation

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9
Q

Trauma Force: Torsion

A

“twisting”

Result in fractures and sprains

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10
Q

Trauma Force: Direct Blow

A

Blow directly to the body part

Results in: Contusion, Fractures, & Dislocations

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11
Q

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Strains

Etiology

A

Tensile - non-contact w/excessive tension

“Dynamic Overload” – fibers can’t withstand force generated by muscle

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12
Q

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Strains

1st Degree

A

Stretching of fibers or damage to myofibrils

Trauma to less than 5% of the MT unit

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13
Q

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Strains

2nd Degree

A

Actual tearing of some muscle fibers, extracellular matrix, & fascia
More pronounced inflammatory response
Ecchymosis may be present

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14
Q

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Strains

3rd Degree

A

Complete rupture of the muscle & blood vessels
Total loss of function
Palpable defect that can be obscured by swelling
Tissues become ischemic (insufficient blood flow)
Pain, swelling, & ecchymosis also present

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15
Q

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Tendinitis

1st Degree

A

Slight dysfunction

Pain during activity

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16
Q

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Tendinitis

2nd Degree

A

Decreased function

Pain after activity

17
Q

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Tendinitis

3rd Degree

A

Constant Pain

Prohibits activity

18
Q

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Contusions

DDx

A

Fracture
“Bone Bruise”
Superficial nerve damage

19
Q

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Contractures

A

Fibrosis of connective tissue in skin, fascia, muscle or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility or related tissue or joint

20
Q

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Heterotopic Ossification

A

Formerly “myositis ossificans”

Heterotopic = “in the wrong place

21
Q

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Heterotopic Ossification

Etiology

A

Genetic formation, neurological disease, etc.

Trauma – single, repeat, strain

22
Q

Musculotendinous Pathologies: Bursitis

Etiology

A

Friction or direct trauma

Disease state or increased stress

23
Q

Joint Structure Injuries: Sprains

1st Degree

A

Ligament is stretched with little or no tearing of its fibers
Firm end-point
Local pain, mild point tenderness, & slight swelling

24
Q

Joint Structure Injuries: Sprains

2nd Degree

A

Partial tearing of the ligament’s fibers
Joint laxity when stressed
Soft but definite end-point
Moderate pain & swelling

25
Q

Joint Structure Injuries: Sprains

3rd Degree

A

Ligament completely ruptured
Gross joint laxity
Empty or absent end-point
Complete loss of function

26
Q

Joint Structure Injuries: Synovitis

Etiology

A

Joint capsule or synovial membrane

Often secondary injury

27
Q

Salter-Harris

SALTR

A

S- Straight Separation
A- “Across” the metaphysis
L- makes an “L” shape by going through the growth plate and out the epiphysis
T- Through both epiphysis and metaphysis
R- “Rammed” the epiphysis into metaphysis and causing the compression fracture

28
Q

Bony Injuries: Exostosis

Etiology

A 
Repeated stress (Attachment sites & spine)
Wolff’s Law
29
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

skeletal transformation is dependent on the exertion of pressures from outside of body (ie: Osgood Schlatter)

30
Q

Bony Injuries: Apophysitis

Etiology

A

Growth plate inflammation - “growing pains”

31
Q

Fracture - Occult

A

Doesn’t show up immediately on radiograph following trauma

May take several weeks

32
Q

Fracture - Nonunion

A

Fracture that fails to heal within 9 months of expected time required
Bone healing is absent for 3 consecutive months

33
Q

Facture - Malunion

A

Healed fracture that are in a medically unacceptable position

ATR 525 - Lower Extremity (6 decks)

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