Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

musculoskeletal and rheumatology > injury and healing p2 - soft tissues > Flashcards

injury and healing p2 - soft tissues Flashcards

1
Q

what are soft tissues?

A

ligaments, tendons + muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are soft tissue made up of?

A

type 1 collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are ligaments

A

soft tissue which connect bone to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the function of ligaments

A
  • restricts joint motion
  • hence provides stability
  • has proprioception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do tendons do

A

connect muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the function of tendons

A

it transmits force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the typical cause of ligament and tendon injuries?

A

usually sport related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the causes of soft tissue injuries?

A
  1. pivoting forces (e.g rolling/twisting joints)
  2. eccentric contraction (force placed on muscle too high, causing muscle to snap)
  3. trauma (e.g car accident)
  4. laceration (cuts)
  5. avulsion injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is an avulsion injury?

A

occurs when a small chunk of bone attached to a tendon or ligament gets pulled away from the main part of the bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how is the severity of a soft tissue injury determined?

A

using the grading system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the different categories of severity of soft tissue injuries?

A
  1. grade 1
  2. grade 2
  3. grade 3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens in a grade 1 tear?

A

slight incomplete tear, no notable joint instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what grade tear is this?

A

grade 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what happens in a grade 2 tear?

A
  • moderate/severe
  • incomplete tear
  • some joint instability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what grade tear is this?

A

grade 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what happens in a grade 3 tear?

A
  • complete tearing of 1 or more ligaments
  • obvious instability
  • surgery may be requried
17
Q

what grade tear is this

A

grade 3

18
Q

what are the 4 stages of healing soft tissue injuries?

A
  1. bleeding
  2. inflammation
  3. proliferation
  4. re-modelling
19
Q

how do soft tissues heal differently to bones?

A
  • they heal much slower
  • maximum strength of recovery >6 months
  • tissue may never fully recover full tensile strength
20
Q

what anatomical features does the knee consist of

A
  1. bones
  2. muscles
  3. ligaments
  4. cartilage
21
Q

what is this?

A

anterior cruciate ligament - ACL

22
Q

what is the role of the ACL in the knee?

A

gives rotational stability

23
Q

what are some symptoms of an ACL tear?

A
  • knee feel unstable during sports
  • painful
  • swelling
24
Q

what 3 tests can you do on physical examination to determine whether patient has an ACL tear?

A
  1. lachmann’s test
  2. anterior drawer test
  3. pivot shift test
25
Q

what is a very broad + generic way of managing an ACl tear?

A

using PRICE protocol

Protect
Rest
Ice
Compress
Elevate

26
Q

what are the 2 options of managing ACL tear?

A
  1. non-operative
  2. operative
27
Q

If you have a ruptured ACL, will it heal to the way it was before?

A
  • no, heals awfully (as avascular tissue)
  • means you will permanently have an unstable knee
28
Q

if ACL ruptures heal so badly, why do many people not get operative treatments?

A

As ACL is only really needed for rotational stability, meaning ppl without ACL would be fine with day 2 day activities, would only struggle with pivoting sports e.g football/skiing

29
Q

what is the management process if patient opts for non-operative approach of ACL rupture?

A
  • put in brace
  • Use phsyiotherpay/rehab to strengthen muscles to compensate for loss of ACL
30
Q

If a patient opts for operative approach for ACL rupture, what are the 2 ways it can be treated?

A
  1. repaired
  2. replaced (more common)
31
Q

what 3 things do you need to consider when determining a management strategy for a patient with ACL tear?

A
  1. functional demands
  2. patient factors
  3. compliance
32
Q

what are the risk factors for ruptured achilles?

A
  1. 30-50s M
  2. anabolic steriod users
  3. ppl taking fluroquinolone
  4. weekend warrior - only participate in activity in free time
33
Q

which antibiotic put you at risk of future soft-tissue injuries?

A

fluoroquinolone

34
Q

what are some findings on physical examination of patient with ruptured achilles?

A
  1. difficulty walking/limp
  2. unable to stand on tip toes
  3. swelling/thickening of ankle
  4. feet will sit up when you lying down
34
Q

what are some findings on physical examination of patient with ruptured achilles?

A
  1. difficulty walking/limp
  2. unable to stand on tip toes
  3. swelling/thickening of ankle
  4. feet will sit up when you lying down
34
Q

what are some findings on physical examination of patient with ruptured achilles?

A
  1. difficulty walking/limp
  2. unable to stand on tip toes
  3. swelling/thickening of ankle
  4. feet will sit up when you lying down
35
Q

what kind of test can you do on patients to see if they have ruptured their achilles?

A

simmonds calf squeeze test

essentially squeeze calf and foot goes down if achilles is present

36
Q

do you repair or replace tendon injuries in surgery?

A

repair it, cant really replace it

37
Q

what are some general complications of performing surgery on achilles tendon?

A
  1. DVT
  2. infection
  3. prolonged immobility

musculoskeletal and rheumatology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions