Injury analysis Flashcards
2 main types of injury
Chronic - repeated stress / overuse eg stress fracture
Acute - sudden traumatic events eg broken bones
Injury risk factors types & examples
Intrinsic - age, sex, previous injury, fitness, strength, reaction time
Extrinsic - footwear, surface, competition level, pitch condition
Ankle joint adduction and abduction description
adduction - toes towards midline
abduction - toes away from midline
Ankle joint dorsi & plantar flexion description
Dorsi - toes up
Plantar - toes down
Ankle joint inversion & eversion description
Inversion - sole of foot facing inwards
Eversion - sole of foot facing outwards
Ankle joint pronation & supination description
Supination - adduction, inversion, plantar flexion (curling foot inwards & down)
Pronation - abduction, eversion, dorsiflexion (curling foot out & upwards)
Talocrural (ankle) joint description
Hinge joint between distal tibia/fibula and proximal talus
allows dorsi/plantar flexion (sagittal plane)
Subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint description
between distal talau and proximal cancaneus
allows for frontal & transverse motion planes
How can biomechanical methods help with sporting injuries
identify risk factors
understand injury mechanisms
introduce interventions to reduce risk
What 4 injuries are associated with rearfoot movement?
excessive rearfoot pronation
ankle inversions
anterior knee pain
plantar fasciitis
What happens during the 4 stages of running
Heel strike - supination
Foot stance - pronation
Mid-stance - neutral
Toe-off - supination
Which factors have been suggested to have an association with overuse running injuries
amount of pronation
rate of pronation
time to maximum pronation
Study findings relating to pronation injuries
Injury prone groups had lower change in shoe eversion & faster eversion velocity (only a trend)
Study findings relating to pronation injuries
Injury prone groups had lower change in shoe eversion & faster eversion velocity (only a trend)
What are the limitations of injury research?
cross-sectional / retrospective in nature so hard to determine causality
large sample sizes are required with long term follow-up
injuries are grouped as ‘overuse’ rather than specific
