Injury Flashcards
fractures
closed = hasn’t penetrated skin
open/compound = has penetrated skin
greenstick = incomplete fracture, not all the way through bone
comminated = bone broken into more than two fragments
osteoporosis
loss of bone mass and density that makes bones brittle and prone to fracture
high impact or high load activity can reverse decline of bone mass
age and hormone related
calcium deficiency can also promote loss of bone density and therefore osteoporosis
osteoarthritis
degenerative joint disease that can be a consequence of aging (wear and tear) or response to traumatic sports injury
primarily due to deterioration of cartilage causing bone growth and leading to spurs which restrict movement
muscle weakness and poor proprioception
rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune disorder
cartilage attacked
inflammation, swelling pain
final step is fusion of joint
plantar fasciitis
injury to plantar fascia - combination of microtears and breakdown of collagen
presents as heel pain
overuse injury or sudden increase in activity
risk factors: obesity, long periods of standing, tight Achilles
Achilles tendon rupture
symptoms: sudden onset of sharp pain in heel, snapping sound, difficulty walking
causes: sudden dorsiflexion when muscle is under tension, sudden heavy activation of Achilles after prolonged period of inactivity
shin splints
microtears/inflammation of the muscles attaching to the tibia
common name for stress fractures
ankle sprains
over 90% of ankle sprains caused by inversion
less common via eversion because anatomy of ankle means excessive eversion normally results in different outcome
once a sprain has occurred, change of re-injury increases by about 50%
chondromalacia patella
known as runners knee or anterior knee pain
mis tracking of patella and damage to the patellofemoral cartilage
risk factors: genu Valgum (high Q angle), pronation, high patella, weak vastus medialis relative to other quads
ACL rupture
70% of all ACL ruptures are non-contact
result from excessive anterior tibial translation
typically occur in cutting or landing movements (when decelerating) when knee is relatively extended
often with some valgus knee
internal rotation of tibia
femoroacetabular impingement
abnormal growth/deformity of the femur or acetabulum
causes butting together at end of range
reduction of movement
can damage cartilage of acetabulofemoral joint
risk factor for hip osteoarthritis
high risk in young people and athletic groups
iliotibial band syndrome
iliotibial band = fibrous reinforcement of the tensor fascia latae
if IT band is tight: inflammation on the lateral aspect of knee, friction between IT band and lateral condyle of femur
risk factors: excessive uphill and downhill running, running on uneven surface
hamstring strain
most common injury in football - 5 injuries per professional clubs per season
91% non-contact, most often during running
biceps femoris most common injury as spans greater range
risk factors: previous hamstring strain, fatigue, strength imbalances between quads and hamstrings, poor flexibility
low back pain
80% of the world will experience an episode of lumbar pain
numerous and complex causes
risk factors: poor posture, muscle imbalances, poor core stability
fractured clavicle
reported to be most commonly fractured bone
majority (over 90%) caused by direct impact to shoulder
fracture usually occurs in middle or towards lateral third
rest and minimal movement to recover (sling)
typically takes around 12 weeks to return to full actvity
surgery is unusual unless is is a comminated fracture
