injuries & injury prevention Flashcards
What are ACUTE INJURIES ?
sudden injury associated with a traumatic event
ACUTE INJURIES : CAUSES
collision
fall
excessive impact
ACUTE INJURIES : EXAMPLE
football - fracture metatarsal - kicking ball
ACUTE INJURIES : SYMPTOMS
pain
swelling
bruising
lack of movement
disfiguration
What are CHRONIC INJURIES ?
slowly developed injury associated with overuse
CHRONIC INJURIES : CAUSES
sudden increase in intensity / frequency / duration
reduction in recovery
warm up / cool-down
What are HARD TISSUE INJURIES ?
damage to the bone, joint or cartilage including fractures and dislocations
What are SOFT TISSUE INJURIES ?
damage to the skin, muscle, tendon or ligament, including tears, strains and sprains
What are the two types of HARD TISSUE INJURIES (acute injuries) ?
fractures
dislocations
What is a FRACTURE ?
PARTIAL or COMPLETE break in the bone due to an EXCESSIVE FORCE that overcomes the bone’s POTENTIAL TO FLEX
What are the 9 types of FRACTURES ?
compound (open)
simple (closed)
incomplete
complete
greenstick
transverse / oblique / spiral
comminuted
impacted
avulsion
COMPOUND FRACTURE ?
fractured bone breaks through the skin, creating an OPEN WOUND with high risk of infection
SIMPLE FRACTURE ?
skin remains unbroken as the fracture causes LITTLE MOVEMENT of the bone and therefore minimises the damage to the SOFT TISSUE surrounding it
INCOMPLETE FRACTURE ?
PARTIAL CRACK in the bone that doesn’t completely separate the bone
COMPLETE FRACTURE ?
TOTAL BREAK in the bone which separates the bone into one or more FRAGMENTS
GREENSTICK FRACTURE ?
SPLITTING PARTIAL BREAK in the bone resulting from a BENDING ACTION
TRANSVERSE FRACTURE ?
PERPENDICULAR CRACK across the length of the bone
OBLIQUE FRACTURE ?
DIAGONAL CRACK across the length of the bone
SPIRAL FRACTURE ?
TWISTING DIAGONAL CRACK across the length of the bone
COMMINUTED FRACTURE ?
CRACK producing MULTIPLE FRAGMENTS of bone and a long recovery process
IMPACTED FRACTURE ?
BREAK caused by the ends of a bone being COMPRESSED together
AVULSION FRACTURE ?
bone fragment DETACHED at the site of connective tissue attachment
What is a DISLOCATION ?
the DISPLACEMENT of one bone from another out of their ORIGINAL POSITION
DISLOCATION : CAUSE
direct force = collision
indirect force = a fall
DISLOCATION : TYPICAL SITES
shoulder
hip
knee
ankle
elbow
fingers
toes
DISLOCATION : SYMPTOMS
severe pain
loss of movement
deformity
swelling
‘pop’ feeling
What is a SUBLUXATION ?
incomplete / partial dislocation = overstretched ligament = permanently lengthened = decrease joint stability
What are the SOFT TISSUE INJURIES (acute injuries) ?
contusions (bruises) and haematoma
sprain
strain
abrasion
blisters
What are CONTUSIONS ?
ruptured blood vessels in skin or tissue
What is a RUPTURE ?
COMPLETE TEAR of a muscle, tendon or ligaments
What is a HAEMATOMA ?
localised CONGEALED bleeding from the ruptured blood vessels
What is a SPRAIN ?
OVERSTRETCH or tear in the LIGAMENTS
SPRAIN : CAUSES
impact / fall = beyond RoM
SPRAIN : TYPICAL SITES
ankle (games players)
knee (football)
thumbs
wrists
SPRAIN : SYMPTOMS
pain
swelling
bruising
inability to bear weight
dislocation
what is a strain
STRAIN: causes
STRAIN: example
STRAIN: symptoms
What is an ABRASION ?
ABRASION : EXAMPLE
What is the technical term for cut ?
What is the technical term for stitching ?
What are BLISTERS ?
What is CONCUSSION ?
CONCUSSION : SYMPTOMS
CONCUSSION : CAUSES
How does CONCUSSION occur ?
What is OSTEOARTHRITIS ?
CHRONIC INJURIES : EXAMPLE
What are the types of HARD TISSUE INJURIES (chronic injuries) ?
What is a STRESS FRACTURE ?
STRESS FRACTURES : TYPICAL SITES
STRESS FRACTURES : CAUSES
What are the types of SOFT TISSUE INJURIES (chronic injuries) ?
What is TEDINOSIS ?
What are the two types of TEDINOSIS ?
what is ACHILLES TENDINOSIS ?
What is TENNIS ELBOW ?
TENDINOSIS : SYMPTOMS (5)
TENDINOSIS : TYPICAL SITES
What are INTRINSIC RISK FACTORS ?
