Injuries and Diseases of the Nervous System Flashcards
What is another name for a mild TBI?
Concussion
A concussion is a type of mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) typically caused by a blow to the head.
What are the classifications of injuries in TBI?
Mild, Moderate, Severe
Injuries are classified based on the severity and symptoms present.
List some symptoms of mild TBI.
- Headache
- Confusion
- Dizziness
- Disturbed vision
- Ringing in the ears
- Bad taste in the mouth
- Fatigue
- Behavioral changes
- Intellectual changes
These symptoms can vary in intensity and duration.
What additional symptoms are present in moderate to severe TBI?
- Prolonged headache
- Nausea and vomiting
- Seizures
- Inability to wake up
- Dilation of pupils
- Slurred speech
- Weakness or numbness in the extremities
- Loss of coordination
- Confusion
- Agitation
These symptoms indicate a more serious injury and require immediate medical attention.
Who is Phineas Gage?
A famous case of TBI where an iron rod blasted through his skull
Gage survived for 12 years after his injury but exhibited major personality changes.
What is Cerebral Palsy?
A group of nervous system disorders caused by damage to the brain before or during birth
It primarily affects motor function.
What is the most common form of Cerebral Palsy?
Spastic CP
Characterized by very tight muscles and joints.
What are the three areas of the spinal cord?
- Cervical (C1-C8)
- Thoracic (T1-T12)
- Lumbar (L1-L5)
Injuries can occur at any level, affecting different functions.
What is the outcome of injuries at C1-C3?
Usually fatal
Injuries in this region affect vital functions.
What is meningitis?
Inflammation of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Can be viral, bacterial, or fungal and is life-threatening.
What are the symptoms of meningitis?
- Headache
- Fever
- Stiff neck
Immediate medical attention is crucial for these symptoms.
What is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
An autoimmune disease that destroys the myelin sheath
It impairs motor function and sensory capabilities.
What can MS affect beyond motor function?
Autonomic functions related to urination, defecation, and sexual function
These functions are also impacted due to nerve damage.
What characterizes epilepsy?
Repeated seizures over time
It can sometimes be controlled with medication.
What is a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?
A disruption in blood flow to the brain
It can lead to stroke and brain cell death.
What are the two types of strokes?
- Hemorrhagic
- Ischemic
Both types are medical emergencies requiring immediate attention.
List some symptoms of a stroke.
- Sudden numbness or weakness
- Confusion
- Trouble speaking
- Vision problems
- Difficulty walking
Recognizing these symptoms quickly is critical.
What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease?
- Tremors
- Difficulty initiating movement
- Flat affect
- Decreased levels of dopamine
Parkinson’s disease is progressive and more common after age 60.
What is the most common cause of dementia?
Alzheimer’s Disease
Dementia typically begins with forgetfulness.
What is Sciatica?
Pressure or injury on the sciatic nerve
It originates in the lumbar back and runs down the leg.
What is Postherpetic Neuralgia?
Pain caused by shingles
It can cause intense burning, pain, and/or itching in nerves and skin.
What are some treatments for Postherpetic Neuralgia?
- Healthy diet
- Pain medications
- Anti-inflammatories
Treatment aims to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.
