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P seg Lab > Injections > Flashcards

Injections Flashcards

1
Q

Advantages to injecting parenterally (4)

A

Emergency
Pt is unconscious
Localized drug therapy
Good for drugs that are degraded in the stomach

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2
Q

Downsides to injecting parenterally (2)

A

Must keep sterile field.

Once drug is injected, it cannot be retrieved

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3
Q

How to select the proper equipment (5)

A 
Route ordered 
Viscosity 
How much medication 
Muscle mass/fat of patient 
Site of admin
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4
Q

The gauge of the needle is determined by the __ size

A

lumen

Gauge is inversely related to size

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5
Q

Which gauge needles are we using

Which syringe sizes are we using

A

Gauge: 20-27. Small.

1-5cc

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6
Q

Portions of equipment that should be kept sterile during preparation

A

Syringe- barrel, plunger, tip before needle is affixed.

needle

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7
Q

Main difference between vials and ampules

A

Vial contain single or multiple doses of meds. Rubber stopper that allows penetration of needle.

Ampules contains single dose of meds and cannot be reused. Must snap off top of ampule which can cause glass shards. Advised to use filter needle.

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8
Q

Sub Q

  • The most __
  • Good for what kind of meds
  • not recommended for what meds
  • What is the limiting factor
  • Average length and gauge
  • Location
  • Location criteria
A
  • The most versatile
  • Good for meds that require slow absorption. Limited vascularity = slow absorption
  • not recommended for thick or irritating meds
  • Limiting factor is amount. Max 2ml.
  • Average length is 5/6-1 inch and gauge 25-27
  • Location: loose tissue of upper arm, anterior thigh, lower abdomen.
  • Location criteria: Cannot be over bony prominence, free of large vessels and nerves, free of inflammation/itch/tender/edema/scar
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9
Q

Sub Q techniques

  • Thin vs thick pts how to hold skin and angle of insertion
  • Insert needle (quick or slow)
  • Inject meds (quick or slow)
A
  • Thin pt. Bunch the skin and insert at 45 degrees.
  • Thick pt. Spread the skin. Insert at 90 degrees.
  • Insert needle quick and inject slow while still holding the tissue.
  • Apply pressure
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10
Q

IM

  • What kind of meds?
  • Average length and gauge
  • site of injection
  • Location criteria
  • Onset of action
  • Duration of effect
A
  • Meds that cannot be given Sub q because either too irritating or large volume.
  • Average length is 1-2 inches and gauge is 20-23
  • site of injection: Deltoid of upper arm, vastus laterals (thigh) and gluteus maximus.
  • Location criteria: Avoid adjacent nerves, bones and BV
  • Onset of action: In between Sub q and IV
  • Duration of effect: Long duration
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11
Q

IM techniques (2)

A

Air lock and Z track

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12
Q

What kind of meds should be injected IM Air lock

A

Non irritating meds.

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13
Q

What kind of meds should be injected IM Z track

A

Irritating meds or elderly patients with decreased muscle mass.

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14
Q

How to do IM airlock injection

A 
Spread or bunch skin 
Insert quick at 72-90 degrees 
Release tissue 
Aspirate air to confirm not in BV
Inject slowly 
Remove needle 
Apply pressure
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15
Q

How to do IM Z track injection

A 
Spread or bunch skin 
Insert quick at 72-90 degrees
Aspirate air to confirm not in BV
Inject slowly while still holding tissue 
Remove needle
Release tissue 
No pressure
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16
Q

IV

  • What kind of meds and/or why
  • Onset
  • Average needle length, gauge and catheter
  • Sites
  • Which site is least painful
  • If long term therapy ____
A
  • Large vol of meds and emergency situations
  • Onset is rapid
  • Average needle length is 1 inch, gauge is 18-27 and catheter is 1-1.5 inch
  • Sites: Antecubital, Dorsum of hand, forearm, foot.
  • Which site is least painful. Antecubital but can be difficult in dark skin patients and diabetics.
  • If long term therapy, start with distal site.
17
Q

IV techniques

A
  • Check vitals
  • Tourniquet 2-6 inches above site
  • Tell patient to clench hand or slap to make veins more visible. If this takes time, then reapply tourniquet.
  • Attach butterfly needle
  • Pull skin towards pt hand to prevent rolling.
  • Needle bevel up
  • Insert 15-45 degrees, then decrease angle and advance.
  • Release tourniquet
  • Inject slowly
  • Firm pressure to prevent hematoma
18
Q

Hands should be washed for how long

A

20 seconds before putting on gloves then after glove removal

19
Q

Exposure to blood borne pathogens is most likely when

A

Using or handling sharp instruments such as hypodermic needles

20
Q

Never should a needle be re capped after injection

A

True. Should be placed directly into sharps

21
Q

Shaps container should be filled to ___ full

A

2/3

22
Q

Tx chalazions

A

Sub Q injection of steroids

23
Q

Sub conj or tenons injection of steroid to tx

A

Iritis, vitrifies, posterior uveitis.

24
Q

IV steroids are the gold standards of

A

tx for optic neuritis

25
Q

Side effects of steroids

A

Increase IOP
Cataract
Increase susceptible to infection
Decrease wound healing

Hyperglycemia
HTN
Osteoporosis
Fluid retention

26
Q

INdocyanine

A

Alternative agent for fundus angiography.
Achieves better penetration of pigmented layers such as RPE and choroid.
Used to manage choroid disease- ARMD and tumors.
Adverse effects less severe than NaFl. nausea, vomiting, urticaria. Rarely anaphylaxis.
Should not be used on patient with shellfish or iodine allergy. Or pregnant/lactating mothers.

27
Q

Benadryl can be injected how

A

IV or IM in response to allergic reaction

28
Q

Epi can be injected

A

IM SQ or IV

P seg Lab (8 decks)

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