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Funds II Lab > Injections > Flashcards

Injections Flashcards

1
Q

Risks of Needlestick Injury

A

hepatitis B or C viruses
HIV and AIDS
Other pathogens

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2
Q

what is a clean needle?

A

one that hasn’t been in a patient

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3
Q

What is a dirty needle?

A

been in patient before

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4
Q

Recapping a clean needle

A

one-handed scoop method

slide needle into cap that’s laying on flat surface then push together gently

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5
Q

Should you recap a used needle?

A

NO

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6
Q

What syringe do you usually use for injections?

A

1-3 mL

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7
Q

What is the unit of measurement on insulin syringes?

A

units

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8
Q

What is the unit of measurement on tuberculin (TB) syringes?

A

mL (0.1, 0.2, …, 1mL)

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9
Q

Tip of syringe

A

connects to needle

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10
Q

Barrel of syringe

A

scales/measurements are printed on it

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11
Q

Plunger of syringe

A

fits inside the barrel; administers the med

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12
Q

Luer-Lok syringe tip

A

needle is TWISTED on to prevent accidental removal of needle

LOCKS in place

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13
Q

Non-Luer-Lok or Slip Tip syringe tip

A

needles are SLIPPED onto the syringe

SLIDES on

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14
Q

Hub of a needle

A

fits onto the syringe

colored part

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15
Q

Shaft of a needle

A

attached to the hub

depends on where you’re giving it at

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16
Q

Bevel of a needle

A

slanted part at the tip of the needle

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17
Q

Length of shaft

A

varies from 1/4 inch to 2 inches

depends on muscle mass, weight, type of injection

subcutaneous use shorter needles than IM

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18
Q

Gauge (diameter) of the shaft

A

varies from #18 to #30

the larger the gauge number, the smaller the diameter

gauge is determined by type of injection and thickness of med

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19
Q

Who determines the size needle to use for injections?

A

nurse (length and gauge)

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20
Q

What is used to determine proper needle size?

A

type of injection and viscosity (thickness) of med

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21
Q

Ampule

A

glass container designed to hold a single-dose of a drug

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22
Q

Do you have to wear gloves to draw up a medication out of a vial?

A

no, it is up to the person

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23
Q

Preparing medication from ampule

A

make sure all med is in body of ampule before breaking (flick top)
use an alcohol swab package when breaking
medication must be drawn up with a filter needle
the filter needle is replaced with regular needle for injection

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24
Q

Why do you use a filter needle to draw up a medication from an ampule?

A

so there’s no glass in the med

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25
Q

In which direction do you snap the ampule?

A

away from you

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26
Q

Where do you draw up a medication?

A

away from the patient’s room

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27
Q

vial

A

small glass or plastic bottle with a sealed rubber cap

could be single or multi-dose

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28
Q

Preparing medications from a vial

A

use alcohol swab to wipe the rubber stopper
must inject air into the vial before med can be withdrawn (must have = # of air and med)
draw a little extra, flick to remove air, go by 1st ring of plunger (not tip) to tell the dose
may switch needle after drawing up med and before administering med

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29
Q

Powder vials

A

must reconstitute the powder by adding a diluent

sterile water or lidocaine (sometimes)

follow package directions on amt and type of diluent to use

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30
Q

Can medications be combined into a single injection?

A

yes if they are compatible

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31
Q

How much can be given IM?

A

no more than 3 mL

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32
Q

How much can be given subQ?

A

usually 0.5 mL

33
Q

Insulin Mixing

A

may mix short and long-acting insulin together

34
Q

Short-acting insulin or regular insulin

A

clear

35
Q

Long-acting or NPH insulin

A

cloudy

36
Q

Which insulin do you draw up first?

A

short; clear to cloudy

37
Q

Mixing insulin procedure

A

clean top of vial
inject air in long-acting first
inject air in short-acting
withdraw short-acting
withdraw long-acting

CLEAR TO CLOUDY

38
Q

Intradermal injections

A

into dermal layer, just under epidermis

39
Q

Subcutaneous injections

A

into subcutaneous (fatty) tissue

40
Q

Intramuscular injections

A

into muscle

41
Q

How do you clean an injection site?

A

using an alcohol swab, wipe in an inward to outward circular motion

don’t touch it once you’ve cleaned it

42
Q

How much liquid is used for an intradermal injection?

A

0.1 mL

forms a bleb or wheal

43
Q

What are intradermal injections used for?

A

TB and allergy testing

44
Q

Common sites for intradermal injections

A

anterior lower arm
upper chest
back beneath the scapulae

45
Q

What needle is used for intradermal?

A

30 gauge (very small)

46
Q

Procedure for intradermal injection

A

bevel up
inject at an angle of 15 degrees or less
barely under skin
just enough to have bevel under skin

47
Q

How much liquid is used for subQ injections?

A

0.5-1 mL

48
Q

Common drugs administered subQ

A

some vaccines
insulin
heparin (anticoagulants)

49
Q

Common sites for subQ

A

outer, upper arm
lower abdomen

other: anterior thighs, scapular area of upper back, upper ventrogluteal, dorsogluteal area

50
Q

Why do you change sites for subQ injections?

A

to prevent soreness and scar tissue

51
Q

Procedure for subQ

A

pinch up skin
inject at 45 degree angle
90 degree angle may be used in special circumstances
5/8 inch needle is typical for adult

52
Q

What do you do after using needle?

A

activate safety device on firm surface (for any injection)

53
Q

Besides RNs, who else can give insulin?

A

LPNs

54
Q

How do you get the correct dose for insulin pens?

A

dial pen to correct dose, no syringe to read

55
Q

Procedure for insulin pen

A

remove cap
clean tip of pen with alcohol
attach needle (push and click)
prime needle (watch for squirt of liquid) by dialing pen to 2 units, point pen up and push knob and watch for liquid to appear
dial pen to ordered dose
verify dose and pen preparation with another nurse
inject using 90 degree angle
push knob down while counting to 5 slowly
verify dial is now at 0 (hold dial facing you)
remove needle from patient
remove needle from pen and discard in sharps container

56
Q

Which route absorbs more quickly, subcutaneous or intramuscular?

A

intramuscular

57
Q

What is the recommended volume for intramuscular injections?

A

1-2 mL

58
Q

How much volume can be administered in well-developed muscles?

A

3 mL

59
Q

How much volume can be administered in the deltoid?

A

no more than 1 mL

60
Q

Why is aspirating done for intramuscular injections?

A

to verify that the needle is in the muscle and not a blood vessel

61
Q

How long are you supposed to aspirate for intramuscular injections?

A

5-10 seconds

62
Q

How to aspirate for IM injection?

A

pull back on syringe for 5-10 seconds

if no blood, administer the med
if blood, pull out and start all over with a new syringe

63
Q

Times aspirating may not be needed

A

deltoid
vaccinations

64
Q

Times aspirating may be needed

A

dorsogluteal (must aspirate as large blood vessels are present)
thick or irritating medications

65
Q

What is z-track technique and why is it used?

A

where you pull back the fat layer to side and inject in tight area

it is less painful and decreases leakage into subQ tissue
for irritating meds

66
Q

What is the typical needle length for IM injections?

A

1 to 1 1/2 inch
inject at 90 degree angle

67
Q

Who is the deltoid site recommended for?

A

adults when injecting 1 mL or less
rapid absorption in adults

68
Q

Do you need to aspirate at the deltoid site?

A

no

69
Q

What is the deltoid site common for? And what meds do you not give at this site?

A

vaccinations
irritating meds

70
Q

Landmarking for deltoid site

A

place two fingers below the acromion process
inject directly below
do not inject lower than the area of the axilla

71
Q

What is the ventrogluteal site preferred for?

A

IM injections in adults
safest site to admin lg vol injections (>1 mL)
child must be over 7 months

72
Q

Why is the ventrogluteal site safest?

A

minimal nerves and big bl vessels

73
Q

Landmarking Ventrogluteal Site

A

side-lying position with knee slightly bent
place heel of hand on greater trochanter (hip)
fingers point towards head
point middle finger straight up to anterior superior iliac crest
spread index finger wide and inject between middle and index finger “v”

74
Q

Why is vastus lateralis site preferred?

A

for infants under 1 year
good option for obese clients

75
Q

Landmarking vastus lateralis site

A

upper leg
divided into thirds
middle section outer aspect

76
Q

Why is rectus femoris site preferred?

A

used only occasionally for IM
ease of use for self-injection
causes more discomfort than other sites

77
Q

Landmarking rectus femoris site

A

upper leg
divided into thirds
middle section anterior aspect (front)

78
Q

Why is Dorsogluteal Site not preferred?

A

unacceptable risk for clients
close proximity to sciatic nerve and superior gluteal nerve and artery
more subcutaneous tissue (med injected into tissue not muscle)
need to aspirate for this injection site

Funds II Lab (5 decks)

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