Initial definitions Flashcards
To revise and gain confidence with initial biological definitions.
Define an atom
A basic unit of matter that consists of a dense, central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.
Define a molecule
a group of at least two atoms held together by covalent bonds
Define organic
molecules containing carbon, except those containing only carbon and oxygen (eg CO2)
Define inorganic
molecules that do not contain carbon, plus the carbon oxides (eg CO2)
Describe the food test and positive result for starch
Add iodine, colour change from yellow to blue/black
Give the food test and positive result for a reducing sugar
Add benedicts reagant and BOIL, colour change from blue to brick red (or green to yellow to orange to red)
Give the food test and positive result for a non reducing sugar
Add acid and boil, then neutralise. Add benedicts reagant and BOIL, colour change from blue to brick red (or green to yellow to orange to red)
Give the food test and positive result for protein
Add biuret reagant, colour change from blue to lilac/purple
Give the food test and positive result for lipid
Add ethanol, shake, add water, shake. Forms a milky white emulsion
What is magnesium used for in plants?
Making chlorophyll
What is phosphate used for in plants?
Making nucleic acids and phospholipids
What is nitrate used for in plants?
Making nucleic acids and amino acids
What is calcium used for in plants?
Forming the cell wall
What is magnesium used for in animals?
Forming bones
What is phosphate used for in animals?
Forming nucleic acids
