Initial Assessment and Management

Question 1

What is the initial assessment template that should be used for all emergencies

Answer 1

SAFE approach
Primary survey with resuscitation as required
Re-evaluation
Secondary survey
Definitive care

Question 2

What does SAFE stand for ?

Answer 2

Shout for help
Assess the scene
Free from danger
Evaluate the athlete

Question 3

What does ABCDEs stand for ? and what is the first hidden step.

Answer 3

1. Catastrophic bleeding management
2. Airway maintenance with C-spine protection
3. Breathing with adequate ventilation
4. Circulation with haemorrhage control
5. Disability: neurological status
6. Exposure & environment control

Catastrophic bleeding management is the first hidden step.

Question 4

Immediate managment for Catastrophic bleeding ?

Answer 4

Application of a pressure dressing

Question 5

Name the C-spine protection movement.

Answer 5

Manual in-line immobilisation

Question 6

What are you looking for with Breathing with adequate ventilation ?

Answer 6

Respiratory rate
Equal expansion of the chest wall

Question 7

What are the steps in Circulation with haemorrhage control

Answer 7

1. Pulse – presence of the radial pulse
2. Pulse – rate and volume
3. Colour of the athlete – noting pallor
4. Mental status - conscious level and agitation
5. Evidence of external bleeding
6. Evidence of internal bleeding

Question 8

Why is a radial pulse assessed ?

Answer 8

Probable end organ perfusion

Question 9

What is the accromym used for assessing neurological status, and what are the steps in this ?

Answer 9

ACVPU

A = Alert
C = Confusion
V = Responding to voice
P = Responding to pressure stimulus
U = Unresponsive

Question 10

Name the medicle room neuro assessment.

Answer 10

Glasgow Coma Scale

Question 11

What amount of O2 is required for thoes suffering significant injury ?

Answer 11

10-15L/min

Question 12

When should athlete re-evaluation occure ?

Answer 12

After any:

Intervention
Deterioration
Cause for concern
Uncertainty

Question 13

When doing a secondary survey if required, What does this entail?

Answer 13

A full secondary survey includes obtaining a full history of the incident, the athlete’s past medical history and a systematic head to toe examination of the patient designed to detect all the athlete’s injuries.

Question 14

What does the SAMPLE accroynm stand for ?

Answer 14

S: Signs and symptoms
A: Allergies
M: Medications
P: Past medical history
L: Last meal and drink
E: Events and environment of the injury or illness

Question 15

For ambulance hand over what is the ATMIST ?

Answer 15

A – Age of the athlete (sex of athlete often also included)

T – Time of the injury & expected time of arrival

M – Mechanism of injury

I – Injuries present and suspected

S – Signs including physiological observations/vital signs

T – Treatment given and needed

Question 16

SABCDE ??

Answer 16

S: Safe approach Ensure it’s safe to approach the injured player by shouting for help, assessing the scene, and removing any danger
A: Airway with C-spine control Open the airway and protect the C-spine
B: Breathing with adequate ventilation Ensure the player is breathing effectively and getting enough oxygen into their lungs and bloodstream
C: Circulation with bleeding control Control any bleeding
D: Neurological dysfunction Assess the player’s neurological status
E: Exposure and environment Control the exposure and environment