inhibitory or exhibiotry neurons on behaviour

Question 1

introduction of neurotransmitters

Answer 1

• Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that transfer a message in the central nervous system. - Inhibitory neurotransmitters are ones that reduce neural activity,
• whereas excitatory neurotransmitters encourage neural communication.
• Excitatory neurons are those which increase the chance of firing a neuron, meaning reacting an action potential and a message being successfully transmitted throughout the central nervous system.
• One example of an excitatory neurotransmitter is acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter responsible for encoding of memory in humans,

Question 2

introduce rogers and kesner

Answer 2

• In some patients with memory problems, we see a lower rate of activity in the hippocampus. This could be because of a lack of a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. As it is not possible to directly observe the activity of neurotransmission in the brain, and it would be unethical to manipulate levels of acetylcholine in a patient, animal research is used with the hope of better understanding human behavior.

Question 3

rogers and kesner procedure

Answer 3

The rats were given time to familiarize themselves with a maze. They were then put into two groups, one prescribed a placebo injection and the other prescribed a scopolamine injection. The rats were tested over 2 days. Five trials in the morning and evening of day one assessed encoding, and five trials on the morning and evening of day two assessed retrieval.

Question 4

conclusion

Answer 4

• Therefore, this study shows how acetylcholine is an excitatory neurotransmitter that supports the process of forming memory.
• This is represented by the longer times in the scopolamine group as scopolamine is an antagonist to acetylcholine, meaning it blocks it.
• When acetylcholine is blocked the excitatory neurotransmitter is not able to fire neurons and relay the messages required in encoding of new memory.

because scopolamine blocked acetylcholine and memory formation worsened, it shows that acetylcholine normally excites (stimulates) neurons involved in memory formation.acetylcholine normally excites neurons involved in encoding, so when its action was inhibited, the brain’s ability to form new memories was also reduced.