Inhibitors of Cell wall synthesis Flashcards
What are the natural penicillins and in what forms are they available?
Penicillin G: IV
Penicillin V: oral
Against which bugs is penicillin effective?
Gram Positive organisms
Strep: pneumoniae and pyogenes
Major STDs: syphilis (treponemas), anthrax, diphtheria, listeria, N. meningitides
What bugs are resistant to penicillins?
Staph, gonorrhea
For what infections is Penicillin G the drug of choice for?
Syphilis
Hemolytic strep infections like: strep. tonsillitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, pneumococcal meningitis
What anaerobes are susceptible to penicillins?
Clostridium: tetanus, gas gangrene Actinomycosis Diptheria Trench mouth Oral surgery prophylaxis
Which are the penicillinase-resistant penicillins? MNOx but not Amox
Methcillin
Nafcilin
Oxacilin
What organisms are susceptible to Penicillinase resistant penicillins?
Same as original penicillins (G+ and STD’s)
and Staphylococcus aureus
MRSA treatment?
It has become resistant to almost every other anti-microbial.
Only treat where MRSA rate> 15%
Treat with VANCOMYCIN
What are the aminopenicillins?
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
What do you use aminopenicillins for?
Gram negative organisms like: H. influenza E. coli Salmonella Proteus ***Important for UTI's and diarrheas
What is ampicillin mostly used for?
H. influenza
Salmonella
Proteus
Bacterial diarrheas (shigellosis) and UTI’s
When is prophylactic penicillin use done?
Pt’s. with Rh
For dental or URT procedures
What are the anti-pseudomonals?
Piperacillin
Ticarcilin
Mezclocillin
Less effective against staph than the penicillinase resistant penicillins.
What else can the anti-pseudomonals be used for?
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Penicillins toxicities?
Primary are hypersensitivity reactions
Superinfections
Hemolytic anemias
