Inhibidores de pared celular Flashcards by Herik Valles

Structure to which B-lactamics join

Penicilin binding protein

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Enzime that inactivates b-lactamics

B-lactamase

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Main diseases treated with penicillin

Streptococcal infections and Syphillis

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Mechanism of action of penicillin

Estimulates autolytic enzymes
Inhibit transpeptidase enzymes

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B-lactamase inhibitor given with amoxicilin

Clavulonic acid

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Main diseases treated with amoxicilin

UTIs, RTIs, Meningitis, Salmonella, Otititis media

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Spectrum of cephalosporins

1st: Gram +
2nd: Gram - (few than 3rd)
3rd & 4th: Gram -

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Main diseases treated with cephalosporins

Pseudomonas, meningitis, s. aureus, klebsiella, enterobacteria

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Diseases treated with vancomycin

MRSA, C. difficile, Resistant coagulase negative bacteria

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Mechanism of action of vancomycin

Inhibit formation of peptide bonds between cell wall proteins

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Types of bacteria treated with isoniazid

Mycobateria

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Mechanism of action of isoniazid

Inhibit mycolic actid synthase

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Mechanism of action of B-lactam antibiotics

Inhibit last step in peptidoglycan synthesis

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Impermeable membrane for some antibiotics in gram- bacteria

Outer membrane

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Bacteria that produce more B-lactamase

Gram+

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Microorganisms with cell wall

Fungi and Bacteria

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Subunits of bacterial ribosomes

30S and 50S

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Antimiocrobials that inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

Microbiocidal

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Antibiotic susceptibility test that correlates dosage-effect

E-test

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Lowest concentration of antimicrobial to prevent the growth of bacteria

MIC

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Lowest antimicrobial concentration to kill bacteria

MBC

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Type of antibiotic administered in an urgency before knowing specificity

Broad spectrum antibiotics

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Antibiotic therapy used in early infection, e.g. ventilator-associated pneumonia

Preemptive

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Antibiotic therapy used based on clinical history

Empiric

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Antibiotic therapy used once a susceptibility test is performed.

Definitive

Days in which penicillin will pass trough the BBB

Only first day of treatment because of more permeable inflamed meninges.

Penicillin G and penicillin V are highly active against these bacteria

Gram+ cocci

T/F. Penicillin is effective against S. aureus

False. Penicillinase makes it ineffective.

Antibiotics used for S. aureus and S. epidermidis

Penicillinase-resistance penicillins (e.g. methicilin)

Most common penicillinase inhibitors.

Clavulanate and sulbactam

Tratment for gram+ cocci and Listeria monocytogenes

Ampicillin

Piperacillin is an antibiotic for...

Pseudomonas, E. coli, Klebsiella and gram-

Half-life of penicillins

30-90 min

Penicillin G name

Benzylpenicillin

Penicillin V derivates from

Phenoxymethil

Penicillin chosen when treating eisseria spp. and anaerobes

Penicillin V

Penicillin more stable in acidic medium

Penicillin V

Food intake time lapse for penicillins administrations

30 min before a meal or 2h after

Time that antimicrobial activity lasts for Penicillin G

26 days

Transportation of penicillin G in plasma

Bound to albumin

Compound that inhibits active transport of penicillin from CSF to bloodstream increasing the concentration.

Probenecid

Metabolite to which the penicillin that is not eliminated in the urine is transformed.

Penicilloic acid

Main renal mechanism for elimination of penicilline.

Tubular secretion

Cause of wound infection after a cat or dog bite. Susceptible to penicillin G and ampicillin.

Pasteurella multocida. Meningitis requires 3rd gen. cephalosporin

Prophylaxis treatment for syphilis

Penicillin

Most active isoxazolyl penicillin.

Dicloxacillin

Concentration of dicloxacillin to inhibit S. aureus

0.05 - 0.8 ug/mL

T/F. Isoxazolyl penicillins are useful against gram- bateria.

False

Most effective penicillin to penicillinase-producing strains of S. aureus

Dicloxacillin

Spectrum difference between ampicillin and amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is less effective for shigellosis.

Absorption difference between ampicillin and amoxicillin

Amoxicillin absorbs better and food does not interfere with absorption

Therapeutic indications for ampicillin and amoxicillin

Upper respiratory infections, UTI, Meningitis

Most common B-lactam antibiotic agains penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae

Amoxicillin

Ampicillin B-lactamase inhibitor

Sulbactam

Treatment for enterococcal UTI

Aminopenicillin

Antibiotic for L. monocytogenes meningitis in immunocompromised persons.

Ampicillin

Antibiotics indicated for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp.

Carboxypenicillins

Oral cavity anaerobes RESISTANT to first-generation cephalosporins.

B. fragilis

3rd generation cephalosporins with antistreptococcal activity

Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime

B-lactams join to

Penicillin Binding Proteins

Effect of B-lactams depends on…

The time the concentration of antibiotic at the site of action is above the MIC of the organism

Antibacterial type of B-lactams

Bacteriocidal

How often should penicillin G be given

Every 4 hours. Half life is really short

Drug of choice for N. meningitidis, Group A Strep, T. Pallidum and Actinomycosis

Penicillin G

Adverse effect of penicillin in patients with T. pallidum (sylhilis)

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

Antibiotics used for dental prophylaxis, Listeria and Enterococcous

Aminopenicillin (Ampicillin and Amoxicillin)

In a streptococcus infection, it is more adequate to use…

Plain penicillin

Drug of choice for Pseudomonas

Piperacillin

Drug of choice for Proteus, E. Coli and anaerobes where Pseudomonas is not implicated

Ampicillin + Sulbactam

Most broad-spectrum penicillin combination

Piperacillin + Tazobactam

Drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis and bacterial peritonitis

Cephalexin or Cefazolin

Cephalosporin extensively used in pediatrics

Cefuroxime (2nd gen)

Prophylaxis antibiotic for cardiovascular surgery

Cefuroxime (2nd gen cephalosporins)

Drug of choice vs N. Gonorrhea, administered once a day IV

Ceftriaxone

Drug of choice for bacterial meningitis and Strep. Endocarditis

Ceftriaxone

Drug of choice for pseudomonas infection

Ceftazidime (3rd gen)

B. Lactams with frequent hypersensitivity as rash, urticaria and cross-reactivity

Carbapenems

These bacteria are resistant to carbapenems

Gram -

Mechanism resistance of MRSA and penicillin-resistant neumochocci

Structural change in PBPs

Mechanism of resistance of Pseudomonas

Change in por in structure

In-hospital use antibiotics for life threatening infections

I opened and Meropenem

Spectrum of Vancomycin

MRSA, enterococci, C. difficile

Side effects of Vancomycin

Red man syndrome (histamine release), ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

Drug that inhibits imipenem from transforming into a nephrotoxic metabolite

Cilastatin

Cilastain prevents imipenem from becoming…

Dehydropeptidase I