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Antimicrobial's Pharmacology > Inhibidores de pared celular > Flashcards

Inhibidores de pared celular Flashcards

1
Q

Structure to which B-lactamics join

A

Penicilin binding protein

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2
Q

Enzime that inactivates b-lactamics

A

B-lactamase

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3
Q

Main diseases treated with penicillin

A

Streptococcal infections and Syphillis

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4
Q

Mechanism of action of penicillin

A

Estimulates autolytic enzymes
Inhibit transpeptidase enzymes

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5
Q

B-lactamase inhibitor given with amoxicilin

A

Clavulonic acid

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6
Q

Main diseases treated with amoxicilin

A

UTIs, RTIs, Meningitis, Salmonella, Otititis media

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7
Q

Spectrum of cephalosporins

A

1st: Gram +
2nd: Gram - (few than 3rd)
3rd & 4th: Gram -

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8
Q

Main diseases treated with cephalosporins

A

Pseudomonas, meningitis, s. aureus, klebsiella, enterobacteria

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9
Q

Diseases treated with vancomycin

A

MRSA, C. difficile, Resistant coagulase negative bacteria

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10
Q

Mechanism of action of vancomycin

A

Inhibit formation of peptide bonds between cell wall proteins

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11
Q

Types of bacteria treated with isoniazid

A

Mycobateria

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12
Q

Mechanism of action of isoniazid

A

Inhibit mycolic actid synthase

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13
Q

Mechanism of action of B-lactam antibiotics

A

Inhibit last step in peptidoglycan synthesis

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14
Q

Impermeable membrane for some antibiotics in gram- bacteria

A

Outer membrane

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15
Q

Bacteria that produce more B-lactamase

A

Gram+

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16
Q

Microorganisms with cell wall

A

Fungi and Bacteria

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17
Q

Subunits of bacterial ribosomes

A

30S and 50S

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18
Q

Antimiocrobials that inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

A

Microbiocidal

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19
Q

Antibiotic susceptibility test that correlates dosage-effect

A

E-test

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20
Q

Lowest concentration of antimicrobial to prevent the growth of bacteria

A

MIC

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21
Q

Lowest antimicrobial concentration to kill bacteria

A

MBC

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22
Q

Type of antibiotic administered in an urgency before knowing specificity

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics

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23
Q

Antibiotic therapy used in early infection, e.g. ventilator-associated pneumonia

A

Preemptive

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24
Q

Antibiotic therapy used based on clinical history

A

Empiric

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25
Q

Antibiotic therapy used once a susceptibility test is performed.

A

Definitive

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26
Q

Days in which penicillin will pass trough the BBB

A

Only first day of treatment because of more permeable inflamed meninges.

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27
Q

Penicillin G and penicillin V are highly active against these bacteria

A

Gram+ cocci

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28
Q

T/F. Penicillin is effective against S. aureus

A

False. Penicillinase makes it ineffective.

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29
Q

Antibiotics used for S. aureus and S. epidermidis

A

Penicillinase-resistance penicillins (e.g. methicilin)

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30
Q

Most common penicillinase inhibitors.

A

Clavulanate and sulbactam

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31
Q

Tratment for gram+ cocci and Listeria monocytogenes

A

Ampicillin

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32
Q

Piperacillin is an antibiotic for…

A

Pseudomonas, E. coli, Klebsiella and gram-

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33
Q

Half-life of penicillins

A

30-90 min

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34
Q

Penicillin G name

A

Benzylpenicillin

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35
Q

Penicillin V derivates from

A

Phenoxymethil

36
Q

Penicillin chosen when treating eisseria spp. and anaerobes

A

Penicillin V

37
Q

Penicillin more stable in acidic medium

A

Penicillin V

38
Q

Food intake time lapse for penicillins administrations

A

30 min before a meal or 2h after

39
Q

Time that antimicrobial activity lasts for Penicillin G

A

26 days

40
Q

Transportation of penicillin G in plasma

A

Bound to albumin

41
Q

Compound that inhibits active transport of penicillin from CSF to bloodstream increasing the concentration.

A

Probenecid

42
Q

Metabolite to which the penicillin that is not eliminated in the urine is transformed.

A

Penicilloic acid

43
Q

Main renal mechanism for elimination of penicilline.

A

Tubular secretion

44
Q

Cause of wound infection after a cat or dog bite. Susceptible to penicillin G and ampicillin.

A

Pasteurella multocida.
Meningitis requires 3rd gen. cephalosporin

45
Q

Prophylaxis treatment for syphilis

A

Penicillin

46
Q

Most active isoxazolyl penicillin.

A

Dicloxacillin

47
Q

Concentration of dicloxacillin to inhibit S. aureus

A

0.05 - 0.8 ug/mL

48
Q

T/F. Isoxazolyl penicillins are useful against gram- bateria.

A

False

49
Q

Most effective penicillin to penicillinase-producing strains of S. aureus

A

Dicloxacillin

50
Q

Spectrum difference between ampicillin and amoxicillin

A

Amoxicillin is less effective for shigellosis.

51
Q

Absorption difference between ampicillin and amoxicillin

A

Amoxicillin absorbs better and food does not interfere with absorption

52
Q

Therapeutic indications for ampicillin and amoxicillin

A

Upper respiratory infections, UTI, Meningitis

53
Q

Most common B-lactam antibiotic agains penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae

A

Amoxicillin

54
Q

Ampicillin B-lactamase inhibitor

A

Sulbactam

55
Q

Treatment for enterococcal UTI

A

Aminopenicillin

56
Q

Antibiotic for L. monocytogenes meningitis in immunocompromised persons.

A

Ampicillin

57
Q

Antibiotics indicated for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp.

A

Carboxypenicillins

58
Q

Oral cavity anaerobes RESISTANT to first-generation cephalosporins.

A

B. fragilis

59
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins with antistreptococcal activity

A

Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime

60
Q

B-lactams join to

A

Penicillin Binding Proteins

61
Q

Effect of B-lactams depends on…

A

The time the concentration of antibiotic at the site of action is above the MIC of the organism

62
Q

Antibacterial type of B-lactams

A

Bacteriocidal

63
Q

How often should penicillin G be given

A

Every 4 hours. Half life is really short

64
Q

Drug of choice for N. meningitidis, Group A Strep, T. Pallidum and Actinomycosis

A

Penicillin G

65
Q

Adverse effect of penicillin in patients with T. pallidum (sylhilis)

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

66
Q

Antibiotics used for dental prophylaxis, Listeria and Enterococcous

A

Aminopenicillin (Ampicillin and Amoxicillin)

67
Q

In a streptococcus infection, it is more adequate to use…

A

Plain penicillin

68
Q

Drug of choice for Pseudomonas

A

Piperacillin

69
Q

Drug of choice for Proteus, E. Coli and anaerobes where Pseudomonas is not implicated

A

Ampicillin + Sulbactam

70
Q

Most broad-spectrum penicillin combination

A

Piperacillin + Tazobactam

71
Q

Drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis and bacterial peritonitis

A

Cephalexin or Cefazolin

72
Q

Cephalosporin extensively used in pediatrics

A

Cefuroxime (2nd gen)

73
Q

Prophylaxis antibiotic for cardiovascular surgery

A

Cefuroxime (2nd gen cephalosporins)

74
Q

Drug of choice vs N. Gonorrhea, administered once a day IV

A

Ceftriaxone

75
Q

Drug of choice for bacterial meningitis and Strep. Endocarditis

A

Ceftriaxone

76
Q

Drug of choice for pseudomonas infection

A

Ceftazidime (3rd gen)

77
Q

B. Lactams with frequent hypersensitivity as rash, urticaria and cross-reactivity

A

Carbapenems

78
Q

These bacteria are resistant to carbapenems

A

Gram -

79
Q

Mechanism resistance of MRSA and penicillin-resistant neumochocci

A

Structural change in PBPs

80
Q

Mechanism of resistance of Pseudomonas

A

Change in por in structure

81
Q

In-hospital use antibiotics for life threatening infections

A

I opened and Meropenem

82
Q

Spectrum of Vancomycin

A

MRSA, enterococci, C. difficile

83
Q

Side effects of Vancomycin

A

Red man syndrome (histamine release), ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

84
Q

Drug that inhibits imipenem from transforming into a nephrotoxic metabolite

A

Cilastatin

85
Q

Cilastain prevents imipenem from becoming…

A

Dehydropeptidase I

Antimicrobial's Pharmacology (2 decks)

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