Inheritence Flashcards
Inherited
Derive (a quality, characteristic, or predisposition) genetically from one’s parents or ancestors.
Genetic trait
A specific characteristic of an individual that can be determined by genes.
Simple inheritance
When the appearance of a trait is controlled by a single gene
Chromosomes
Found in the nucleus carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
DNA
a molecule that carries genetic information that is stored in the nucleus.
Mendel
Ovum (egg)
a mature female reproductive cell, which can give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilisation by a male cell.
Sperm
a male’s reproductive cell that fertilisers the female reproductive cell.
Fertilisation
The action or process of programing an egg, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
X Chromosome
a sex chromosome, two of which are normally present in female cells
Y Chromosome
a sex chromosome, two of which are normally present in male cells
Variation
any differences between cells, individual organisms, or groups of organisms of any speicies.
Gene
a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristics of the offspring.
Allelel
variants of a gene
Homozygous
alleles are the same
Genotype
alleles are different
Dominant
relationships between two versions of a gene
Recessive
its effects is masked by the effects of the dominant gene.
Genotype
a pair of alleles that influence the appearance of a particular trait
Phenotype
an organism’s collection of observable traits
Punnett square
a diagram used in genetics to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring resulting from a genetic cross between two parent organisms.
