Inherited Diseases Dogs Flashcards
From what age should gonioscopy be done?
12months
Microphthalmos in soft wheaten terriers is unusual in its inheritance?
Needs both mother and offspring to have the mutation
What is included in multiple ocular defects?
Which breeds?
Microphthalmos Cataract Retinal dysplasia Nystagmus Persistent pupillary membranes
*Cocker spaniels* Cavalier King Charles spaniel Westies Golden retrievers Border terriers
Where do persistent pupillary membranes arise from?
Breeds?
Iris collarette
Basenjis
Lancashire heelers
Cocker spaniels and pugs
Where are congenital cataracts positioned?
Progress?
Breed (1)
Nuclear +/- cortical
Rarely progress
Miniature schnauzer
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous
Breed?
Dobermans
Staffies
What is happening in this Doberman’s eye?
Persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis/ persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous
Which breeds do you see collie eye anomaly in?
What age is best to see this?
What is the pathognomonic sign?
What other sign is seen in ~1/3 dogs?
In merles this is harder to see, what should you look for?
Rough and smooth collies
Shetland sheepdog
Border collie
Lancashire heeler
6weeks
Choroidal hypoplasia lateral to the optic disc
Coloboma (optic disc/ peripapillary region)
Retinal detachments and intraocular haemorrhage less common
Odd direction of blood vessels
What is happening at the arrow?
Disease?
Choroidal hypoplasia
Collie eye anomaly
What is happening at the arrow?
And to the RHS of it?
Disease?
Coloboma
Choroidal hypoplasia
Collie eye anomaly
Is retinal dysplasia congenital or acquired?
Which form is more common;
- Multifocal retinal dysplasia
- total retinal dysplasia
What age can this be detected?
Affect on vision?
Breeds?
Congenital
Multifocal retinal dysplasia
6weeks
MRD- Minimal but if retinal detachment can go blind
TRD- Blind
MRD English springer spaniel Cavalier King Charles spaniel Rottweiler American cocker spaniel Golden retriever Lab
TRD
Sealyham
Bedlington terrier
Samoyed + Lab (seen in USA with short limbed dwarfism)
What condition?
Multifocal retinal dysplasia
What condition?
Multifocal retinal dysplasia
Optic nerve hypoplasia
Breed?
Appearance?
Vision?
Uni/ bilateral?
Miniature and toy poodles
Optic disc small and dark, normal BVs and retina
Blind
Unilateral
What is the difference with micropapilla and optic nerve head hypoplasia?
ONH no vision, micropapilla vision present
Which breed is more common for primary angle glaucoma?
Test?
Petit basset griffon vendeen
(Also regular basset and shar Pei)
DNA
Angle normal until late in disease so screening not worth it
When should you test for pectinate ligament abnormality?
How often?
What % of the PLA needs to be affected for an ‘AFFECTED’ dog?
From 6months
Every 3 years
> 75%
Breeds for entropion?
Shar Pei
Chow chow
Lab
Spaniels
Ectropion breeds?
Basset hounds
Cocker spaniels
Bloodhounds
Diamond eye breeds?
Saint Bernard
Neopolitan and other mastiffs
Clumber spaniel
Distichiasis breeds?
Cocker spaniels
Staffy
English bulldogs
Miniature long haired dachshunds
Most common breed for ectopic cilia?
Flat coat retriever
Breeds for corneal lipidosis?
Cavalier King Charles spaniel Siberian huskies Shetland sheepdogs Rough collies Golden retrievers
Macular corneal dystrophy
Breed?
Uni/ bilateral?
Age?
Ulcerations?
Vision?
Lab
Bilateral
Young to middle age
White fluffy deposits in the anterior stroma then corneal oedema and vascularisation
No
Impaired
When do inherited cataracts show?
Which breed shows a dominant inheritance of cataract?
Congenital or later on in life
Australian shepherd dog
Which breeds get primary lens luxation?
What gene mutation?
Jack Russell Sealyham Lancashire Heeler Miniature bull terrier Fox terriers Border collie
ADAMTS17
What is the difference between vision in PRA and retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy?
Retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy doesn’t always lead to vision loss
What causes general PRA?
What happens?
Breeds?
Either photoreceptor dysplasia or photoreceptor degeneration
Degeneration of the Retina and secondary cataract formation
Toy and miniature poodle
English cocker spaniel
Lab
How many mutations have been discovered for gPRA in golden retrievers?
3
How is vision affected in gPRA?
Poor night vision then loss of day vision
What is seen ophthalmoscopically with gPRA?
Tapetal hyper reflectivity Blood vessel attenuation Patchy pigmentation of the non tapetal fundus Optic atrophy Total retinal degeneration
Retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy/ centra PRA
What causes this?
Breed?
Age?
Vision?
Ophthalmoscopic signs?
Low vitamin E
Cocker spaniels
Young adults
Variable, sometimes affects central vision so see moving objects peripherally but bump in to table leg
Light brown lipopigment foci in tapetal fundus which enlarge and coalesce with irregular hyper reflective patches in between
Vascular attenuation
Optic atrophy
Canine Multifocal retinopathy
Breed?
Age?
Great Pyrenees
Coton du tulear
Mastiff
Few months
NOT SEEN IN THE UK
Which breed do you see congenital stationary night blindness/ cone degeneration in?
Vision?
Ophthalmoscopic changes?
Briard
Congenital Night blindness, day vision variable
Normal until 2-3y
Subtle tapetal hyper reflectivity
Grey focal opacities within the tapetum
Which breed is cone degeneration seen in?
Signs?
Fundus
Alaskan malamute
Total blindness in daylight, normal night vision
No fundus changes
