Inheritance, Variation & Evolution -> Reproduction Flashcards
Why should a gene be transferred between organisms at an early stage of development?
So they develop with the desired characteristics.
What is the process where cells develop into specific cell types?
Fertilisation
What is the function of a gene?
Codes for a particular sequence of amino acids in order to make a specific protein.
What causes new strains of bacteria to occur?
Mutations of DNA.
What effect does meiosis do to the number of chromosomes in a cell?
Halves it
What two things describe the structure of DNA?
A polymer made up of two strands, which form a double helix.
What are the three parts of a DNA molecule?
- Nucleotide
- Phosphate group
- Sugar molecule
What is a gene?
A small section of DNA that codes for a specific sequence of amino acids.
What are the monomers of DNA called?
Nucleotides
During fragmentation, a worm separates into two or more parts. Each part grows into a new worm.
What type of reproduction is fragmentation?
Asexual reproduction
Which structures in the nucleus of a human cell contain DNA?
Chromosomes
What are two benefits of understanding the human genome?
- Gene therapy
- Diagnosis of genetic disorders
Describe three differences between the processes of mitosis and meiosis (3)
https://oakmultiacademytrust-my.sharepoint.com/:o:/r/personal/mhs7919_manorhigh_leics_sch_uk/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7B3f961798-4634-4e62-8819-06e77de231b1%7D&action=editnew
- Mitosis involves 1 cell division whereas meiosis involves 2 cell divisions.
- Mitosis produces 4 genetically identical daughter cells whereas meiosis produces 4 genetically different daughter cells, which means there’s variation.
- Mitosis produces cells with 2 of each chromosome whereas meiosis produces cells with one if each chromosome.
Why can’t triploid oysters reproduce? (1 mark)
Chromosomes can’t form pairs.
