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Biology paper 2 - GCSE / AQA > inheritance, variation and evolution > Flashcards

inheritance, variation and evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

what determines your inherited characteristics?

A

your DNA

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2
Q

what codes for protein ?

A

a gene code which make a particular amino acid

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3
Q

what is a genome ?

A

your entire set of genetic material

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4
Q

how can a genome help scientists ?

A

it can help scientists identify and understand inherited diseases

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5
Q

what makes up DNA ?

A

nucleotides (repeating polymers )

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6
Q

what makes up a nucleotide ?

A
  • a phosphate
  • a sugar
  • a base
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7
Q

where is protein made ?

A

in the cytoplasm on the ribosome

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8
Q

what is an enzyme ?

A

a biological catalyst

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9
Q

what is a mutation ?

A

a random change in an organisms DNA that can sometimes be inherited that changes the sequence of the bases

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10
Q

what are the different types of mutation ?

A

INSERTIONS
a new base is inserted into the DNA base sequence where it shouldn’t be
DELETIONS
a random base is deleted from the DNA base sequence
SUBSTITUTIONS
when a random base is changed to a different base

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11
Q

what is the different between sexual and asexual reproduction ?

A

sexual reproduction produces genetically different cells

where as asexual reproduction produces genetically identical cells

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12
Q

how are male and female gametes produced ?

A

meiosis

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13
Q

what is involves in sexual reproduction ?

A

fusion of male and female gametes as the offspring contains a mixture of the two parents genes

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14
Q

how are flowering plants reproduced ?

A

with an egg cell and pollen

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15
Q

how are cell multiplied in asexual reproduction ?

A

ONE parent

MITOSIS

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16
Q

what is the advantage of sexual reproduction?

A

VARIATION which increases chance of survival

17
Q

what is used to speed up natural selection?

A

SELECTIVE BREEDING

18
Q

what is the a advantage of asexual reproduction ?

A

ONE parent so less energy is needed and is faster

19
Q

what are examples of organisms that can produced by sexual and asexual reproduction ?

A

MALARIAL PARASITES
FUNGI
PLANTS

20
Q

what chromosomes do males have ?

A

XY

21
Q

what chromosomes do females have ?

A

XX

22
Q

is CF recessive of dominant ?

A

RECESSIVE

23
Q

is pterodactyl recessive or dominant ?

A

dominant

24
Q

how can genetic disorders be detected ?

A

embryo screening

25
Q

what are advantages of embryo screening ?

A
  • save money
  • there is limitations so it can’t go too far
  • avoids people suffering
26
Q

what are the disadvantages of embryo screening ?

A
  • implies people with genetic disorders are “undesirable”

- screening is expensive

27
Q

what did Mendel discover?

A

by testing on pea plants he determined that characteristics are determined by hereditary units

28
Q

what are the two types of variation ?

A

GENETIC variation

ENVIRONMENTAL variation

Biology paper 2 - GCSE / AQA (2 decks)

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