Inheritance, Variation and evolution Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What letters does a male chromosome have?
XY
What letter does a female chromosome have?
XX
What are Chromosomes?
They are really long Molecules of DNA.
What is a Gene?
Is a small section of DNA found on each chromosome.
What do Genes code for?
Genes code for a sequence of amino acids which when folded up makes specific protein.
What are mutations?
Changes to the genome.
What is a Genome?
A genome of an organism is its hereditary encoded in DNA.
What does the 23rd pair of a chromosome decide?
Your sex
What does sexual reproduction involve?
Gametes
What are gametes?
Sex cells
What do Gametes contain?
Chromosomes
What does a Recessive allele mean?
an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical
What is the actual definition of sexual reproduction?
This involves the fusion of male and female gametes because of 2 parents, the offspring contains a mixture of their parents genes.
What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?
It produces variation of offspring.
What does Asexual reproduction produce?
Genetically identical cells
How is Cystic Fibrosis caused by?
It is caused by a recessive allele.
What are people with only one copy of the allele called?
Carriers
What is the difference between Asexual and sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction produces genetically different cells and Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical cells.
In gametes, are the chromosomes paired or single?
Single
How are gametes made?
Meiosis
What is Meiosis?
Type of cell division which produces gametes which have half the number of chromosomes init.
What is Mitosis?
When a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells each producing identical copies.
