Inheritance, variation and evolution Flashcards

Question

What is embryo screening?

Answer 1

Embryos are tested to see if they have any allele of inherited disorder. Embryos that do not have the defective alleles are implanted into the woman.

Answer 2

Issues are: - Expensive - Large number created but smaller number implanted. Unethical as some healthy embryos are destroyed. -In the future we may decide desirable features. This can be seen as unethical.

Answer 3

Embryo screening to correct faulty allele and use this to treat inherited disorders.

Answer 4

The differences in human characteristics

Answer 5

From genetics From environment

Answer 6

Random changes in the DNA

Answer 7

Selective breeding is when humans choose which plants or animals to breed so they pass on certain traits. For example, breeding dogs for certain looks or breeding crops for better fruit

Answer 8

Selective breeding involves choosing parents with the desired characteristic from a mixed population. They are bred together. From the offspring those with the desired characteristic are bred together. This continues over many generations until all the offspring show the desired characteristic.

Answer 9

Selective breeding can lead to ‘inbreeding’ where some breeds are particularly prone to disease or inherited defects.

Answer 10

genetic engineering as a process which involves modifying the genome of an organism by introducing a gene from another organism to give a desired characteristic.

Answer 11

-Medical: Bacterial cells have been genetically engineered to produce useful substances such as human insulin to treat diabetes -Agriculture: Plant crops have been genetically engineered to be resistant to diseases or to produce bigger better fruits.

Answer 12

1. IDENTFYING THE GENE = the desire characteristic you want 2.CUTTING OUT THE GENE = Use enzymes to cut out the gene from the organism 3.INSERT THE GENE = this gene is inserted into a vector, usually a bacterial plasmid or a virus 4.GROW THE ORGANISM = genes are transferred to the cells of animals, plants or microorganisms at an early stage in their development so that they develop with desired characteristics.

Answer 13

remains of organisms from millions of years ago which are found in rocks.

Answer 14

Shows proof of how species changed over time.

Answer 15

There are 3 ways! Here they are: 1. When parts of organisms have not decayed because one or more of the conditions needed for decay are absent 2. when parts of the organism are replaced by minerals as they decay 3. as preserved traces of organisms, such as footprints, burrows and rootlet traces.

Answer 16

-Soft bodied = so no skeleton or shell. -Traces destroyed = because geological activity

Answer 17

-Catastrophic event (asteroid) -Environment changes -New disease/predator -New or more successful species evolves

Answer 18

Bacteria reproduce fast, and mutations can create new strains. Some of these strains may be resistant to antibiotics, so they survive, grow, and spread. Since people aren't immune and there’s no treatment, the resistant bacteria continue to spread.

Answer 19

-Not prescribe antibiotics inappropriately -patients should complete their course of antibiotics so all bacteria are killed and none survive to mutate and form resistant strains -the agricultural use of antibiotics should be restricted

Answer 20

kingdom {KING} phylum {PHILLIP} class {CAME} order {OVER} family {FOR} genus {GOOD} species {SOUP} Organisms are named by the binomial system of genus and species.

Answer 21

Three domain system: -Archaea (primitive bacteria usually living in extreme environments) -Bacteria (true bacteria) -Eukaryota (which includes protists, fungi, plants and animals).