inheritance key words Flashcards
Gene
A section of DNA that contains DNA coded to make polypeptides
Locus
The position of a gene on a chromosome
Amino Acid
A monomer of a protein formed by the combination of three nucleotides
Genetic code
Sequence of nucleotide bases on mrna coding for amino acids
Triplet
the three nucleotides that code for an amino acid
Degenerate code
amino acid can have more than one codon
Universal
Applies to all amino acids
Exons
coding regions of DNA that code for proteins
Introns
Non- coding DNA
Chromosome
thread like structure made of protein and DNA
Chromatid
One strand of a chromosome joined together by the centimetre before cell division
Histone
proteins in the chromsome
Allele
Version of a gene
Genotype
- organism genetic composition.
- describes all alleles individuals has.
- Defines the limits that a characteristic may vary
Phenotype
is an observable biochemical characteristic of an organism.
homozygous
homozygous two identical alleles of a particular gene. Allele inherited from both parents
Heterozygous
two non-identical or different alleles of a gene. Different version from each parent
Dominant
Allele expresses its self in the phenotype. Only one copy needed
recessive
Allele only expressed if both alleles are recessive
homozygous dominant
Where both alleles are dominant
Homozygous recessive
When both alleles are recessive
Diploid
two sets of chromosome in the nucleus (body cells)
Haploid
One set of chromosome in the nucleus ( sex cells)
Codominant
Both alleles are equally dominant and both contribute top the phenotype
