inheritance key words

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

A section of DNA that contains DNA coded to make polypeptides

Question 2

Locus

Answer 2

The position of a gene on a chromosome

Question 3

Amino Acid

Answer 3

A monomer of a protein formed by the combination of three nucleotides

Question 4

Genetic code

Answer 4

Sequence of nucleotide bases on mrna coding for amino acids

Question 5

Triplet

Answer 5

the three nucleotides that code for an amino acid

Question 6

Degenerate code

Answer 6

amino acid can have more than one codon

Question 7

Universal

Answer 7

Applies to all amino acids

Question 8

Exons

Answer 8

coding regions of DNA that code for proteins

Question 9

Introns

Answer 9

Non- coding DNA

Question 10

Chromosome

Answer 10

thread like structure made of protein and DNA

Question 11

Chromatid

Answer 11

One strand of a chromosome joined together by the centimetre before cell division

Question 12

Histone

Answer 12

proteins in the chromsome

Question 13

Allele

Answer 13

Version of a gene

Question 14

Genotype

Answer 14

• organism genetic composition.
• describes all alleles individuals has.
• Defines the limits that a characteristic may vary

Question 15

Phenotype

Answer 15

is an observable biochemical characteristic of an organism.

Question 16

homozygous

Answer 16

homozygous two identical alleles of a particular gene. Allele inherited from both parents

Question 17

Heterozygous

Answer 17

two non-identical or different alleles of a gene. Different version from each parent

Question 18

Dominant

Answer 18

Allele expresses its self in the phenotype. Only one copy needed

Question 19

recessive

Answer 19

Allele only expressed if both alleles are recessive

Question 20

homozygous dominant

Answer 20

Where both alleles are dominant

Question 21

Homozygous recessive

Answer 21

When both alleles are recessive

Question 22

Diploid

Answer 22

two sets of chromosome in the nucleus (body cells)

Question 23

Haploid

Answer 23

One set of chromosome in the nucleus ( sex cells)

Question 24

Codominant

Answer 24

Both alleles are equally dominant and both contribute top the phenotype