inheritance key terms

Question 1

define gene

Answer 1

a small section of DNA which codes for a particular protein

Question 2

define allele

Answer 2

a different form of a particular gene

Question 3

define gamete

Answer 3

sex cells (sperm/egg)

Question 4

define dominant allele

Answer 4

only 1 copy of the allele required for it to be expressed in the phenotype

Question 5

define recessive

Answer 5

2 copies required for the allele to be expressed in the phenotype

Question 6

define genotype

Answer 6

the 2 alleles an individual possesses for a particular gene

Question 7

define phenotype

Answer 7

the physical characteristics displayed by the individual resulting from genotype and environment

Question 8

define homozygous

Answer 8

having 2 of the same allele for a gene (2 dominant or 2 recessive)

Question 9

define heterozygous

Answer 9

having 2 different alleles for a gene (1 dominant and 1 recessive )

Question 10

define locus

Answer 10

each gene occupies a specific position on its chromosomes

Question 11

define homologous chromosomes

Answer 11

a pair of chromosomes which the same gene at the same locus (1 from father, 1 from mother)

Question 12

define diploid

Answer 12

organisms that have 2 alleles in each cell

Question 13

define haploid

Answer 13

organisms that have 1 allele in each cell

Question 14

define codominant

Answer 14

both alleles can be expressed in the phenotype at the same time