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Year 8 (Key content) > Inheritance and Health ETT > Flashcards

Inheritance and Health ETT Flashcards

1
Q

Name two medicinal drugs

A

e.g.

  • antibiotics
  • painkillers
  • antidepressants e.t.c
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2
Q

Name two legal recreational drugs

A
  • tobacco
  • alcohol
  • caffeine
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3
Q

Name two illegal recreational drugs

A

e.g.

  • heroin
  • cannabis
  • ecstasy
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4
Q

Give two examples of drugs that are stimulants.

A

e.g.

  • caffeine
  • speed
  • nicotine
  • ecstasy
  • cocaine
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5
Q

Give two examples of drugs that are depressants.

A

e.g.

  • alcohol
  • heroin
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6
Q

Give two effects of drinking alcohol during pregnancy.

A

e.g.

  • Increases risk of miscarriage
  • Increases risk of low birth weight
  • Increases risk of premature birth
  • Organ damage
  • Nerve damage
  • Fetal alcohol syndrome
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7
Q

Give two examples of withdrawal symptoms

A
  • Headaches
  • Sweating
  • Anxiety
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8
Q

Name the drug in cigarettes that causes addiction to smoking.

A

Nicotine

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9
Q

Name the substance in cigarettes that can cause cancer.

A

Tar

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10
Q

Name the poisonous gas released by cigarettes that causes red blood cells to carry less oxygen.

A

Carbon monoxide

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11
Q

What are drugs?

A

Chemicals which alter the way your body works.

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12
Q

What do you call the group of drugs that people take for enjoyment?

A

Recreational drugs

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13
Q

What do you call the group of drugs that people take for health reasons?

A

Medicinal drugs

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14
Q

What is the main organ damaged by drinking alcohol?

A

Liver

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15
Q

What is the main organ damaged by smoking?

A

Lungs

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16
Q

Name the drug that alcohol contains

A

Ethanol

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17
Q

What is the term used to describe breathing in someone else’s smoke?

A

Passive smoking

18
Q

Give two examples of diseases caused by smoking

A

e.g.

  • lung cancer
  • emphysema
  • heart disease
  • respiratory infections
19
Q

Give one effect of smoking during pregnancy

A

e.g.

Increase risk of miscarriage

Babies born with a low birth weight

20
Q

Name the cells that sweep mucus from your airways

A

ciliated cells

21
Q

What do you call drugs that slow down your nervous system and make your reactions slower?

A

Depressants

22
Q

What do you call drugs that speed up your nervous system and make your reactions faster?

A

stimulants

23
Q

What is the maximum units of alcohol adult woman are recommended not to exceed.

A

14 units

24
Q

What is the maximum units of alcohol adult men are recommended not to exceed.

A

21 units

25
Q

What four things do animals compete for?

A
  1. Space
  2. Food
  3. Water
  4. Mates
26
Q

What four things do plants compete for?

A
  1. Water
  2. Space
  3. Minerals
  4. Light
27
Q

What word is given to characteristics that enable an organism to be successful in its environment?

A

Adaptations

28
Q

Describe how a cactus is adapted to its environment.

A

e.g.

  • spines to deter predators
  • spines instead of large leaves to reduce water loss
  • hollow stem to store water
  • widespread roots to absorb water near surface and deep down
  • thick stem to reduce water loss
29
Q

Describe how a camel is adapted to its environment.

A

e.g.

  • large feet to give a large surface area to walk on sand
  • long eyelashes to prevent sand from getting in eyes
  • slits for nostrils to keep out sand
  • humps to store fat that can be turned into water
30
Q

Describe how a polar bear is adapted to its environment

A

e.g.

  • white fur for camouflage
  • thick fur for insulation
  • large claws to catch prey
  • large feet to walk on the snow
  • small ears to reduce heat loss
31
Q

Give two examples of environmental variation in humans

A

e.g.

  1. tattoos
  2. piercings
  3. scars
32
Q

Give two examples of genetic variation in humans

A

e.g.

  1. blood type
  2. eye colour
  3. genetic disorders
33
Q

What type of variation are eye colour and blood group examples of?

A

genetic variation

34
Q

What type of variation are tattoos, piercings and scars examples of?

A

environment variation

35
Q

Give one example of a characteristic that is a result of both environmental and genetic variation

A

e.g.

  1. Height
  2. Weight
36
Q

Where in the cell is DNA stored?

A

Nucleus

37
Q

How many chromosomes are in human body cells?

A

46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

38
Q

Name the process by which living things evolve.

A

Natural selection

39
Q

What does ‘extinction’ mean?

A

There are no remaining living individuals of a particular species

40
Q

Give two ways in which organisms can become extinct.

A

Any two from:

  1. Environmental change
  2. New disease
  3. New predator
  4. Habitat destruction
    5.

Year 8 (Key content) (7 decks)

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