Inheritance And Genetic Crosses Flashcards
Genotype?
The genetic constitution of an organism (the alleles it has for a gene
Phenotype
The expression of the genes and its interaction with the environment
Homozygous
A pair of homologous chromosomes carrying the same alleles for a single gene
Heterozygous
A pair of homologous chromosomes carrying 2 different alleles for a single gene
Recessive alleles
An allele only expressed if no dominant allele is present
Dominant allele
An allele that will always be expressed in the phenotype
Codominant
Both alleles are equally dominant and expressed in the phenotype
Multiple alleles
More than 2 alleles for a single gene
Sex-linkage
A gene whose locus is on the X chromosome
Autosomal linkage
Genes that are located on the same chromosome (not the sex chromosomes )
Epistasis
When one gene modifies or masks the expression of a different gene at a different locus
Monohybrid
Generic inheritance cross of a characteristics’ determined by 1 gene
Dihybrid
Genetic inheritance cross for a characteristic determined by 2 genes
What are the 5 types of inheritance?
_Codominant
-Multiple alleles
- sex linkage
-Autosomal linkage
- epistaxis
What are autosomes ?
Pairs 1-22 (the non-sex chromosomes )
What are somatic cells ?
Human body cells
Gene?
A sequence of nucleotides in DNA that encodes for the synthesis of a gene product which can be either RNA or a protein
What is meant by an asymptomatic carrier?
They don’t suffer from any of the symptoms but they are a carrier
How many genotypes and phenotypes are there in co-dominance?
6 genotypes
4 phenotypes
