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Inheritance, Selection and Speciation > Inheritance > Flashcards

Inheritance Flashcards

1
Q

What is a gene?

A

sequence of bases on a DNA molecule that codes for a protein which results in a characteristic

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2
Q

What is an allele?

A

one or more alternative versions of the same gene

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3
Q

What is a genotype?

A

genetic constitution of an organism

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4
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

expression of the genetic constitution - organism’s characteristics

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5
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

an allele whose characteristics appears in the phenotype even when there’s only one copy

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6
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

an allele whose characteristics only appears in the phenotype if two copies are present

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7
Q

What is co-dominant?

A

alleles that are both expressed in the phenotype

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8
Q

What is a locus?

A

fixed position of a gene on a chromosome

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9
Q

What is a homozygote?

A

an organism that carries two copies of the same allele e.g. BB or bb

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10
Q

What is a heterozygote?

A

an organism that carries two different alleles e.g. Bb

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11
Q

What is a modification?

A

any change to the phenotype that doesn’t affect the genotype and isn’t inherited

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12
Q

What are multiple alleles?

A

a gene that has more than two allelic forms

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13
Q

What is monohybrid inheritance?

A

inheritance of a single gene

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14
Q

What is pure breeding?

A

where a single gene is consistently bred in an organism - homozygous

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15
Q

What is sex-linked?

A

when the allele that codes for a characteristic is said to be located on a sex chromosome

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16
Q

Why are males more likely to inherit sex linked diseases?

A

the Y chromosome is smaller than the X chromosome and carries fewer genes
they only have one X chromosome and only have one allele for sex-linked genes
only one copy of allele they express the characteristic of the allele even if its recessive

17
Q

What is a gene pool?

A

all of the alleles of all the genes of all individuals in a population at any one time

18
Q

What is allelic frequency?

A

number of times an allele occurs within the gene pool

19
Q

What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

A

mathematical equation that can be used to calculate the frequencies of the alleles of a particular gene in a population

20
Q

What five conditions must be met for HWP?

A 
no mutations arise
population is isolated
no artificial selection
population is large
mating within the population is random
21
Q

What is the equation for HWP?

A

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
p2 = homozygous dominant
2pq = heterozygous
q2 = homozygous recessive

Inheritance, Selection and Speciation (2 decks)

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