Inheritance

Question 0

what can occur during meiosis with inversions and with translocations?

Answer 0

duplications & deletions / heterozygote segregation –> genetically unbalanced gametes.

Question 1

which organisms determine sex via ratio of X:autosomes and which use haplodiploid system?

Answer 1

nematode, fruit fly / bees.

Question 2

what can you say about the relationship between p and q?

Answer 2

p + q = 1

Question 3

what causes spontaneous mutations and what are they important for?

Answer 3

errors in DNA replication

evolution.

Question 4

what causes huntingtons?

Answer 4

DNA polymerase increases the number of three nucleotide repeat sequences - longer stretches of same amino acid in the same protein.
28 vs 36 CAG repeats (polyglutamine).

Question 5

describe incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity.

Answer 5

expected phenotype fails to appear in some cases

phenotype varies in degree of magnitude.

Question 6

what is pleotropy?

Answer 6

gene product required for a number of different tissues/organs
allele therefore affects multiple characteristics.

Question 7

what is the definition of hemizygous?

Answer 7

one copy of gene in otherwise diploid organism.