Inheritance Flashcards
Inherited
a trait or characteristic that is genetically transmitted from parents to offspring
Genetic trait
Characteristics about humans and other living organisms that can be described or measured.
Simple inheritance
Inheritance of traits controlled by a single gene with two alleles.
Chromosome
X shaped structures for tightly packaged DNA that is inside the nucleus of a cell.
DNA
Found on a chromosome inside a nucleus.
Carries hereditary information in many organisms.
Mendel
An approach that explains the traits or characteristics inherited from one generation to another by the recessive genes.
Ovum (egg)
A single cell released from either of the female reproductive organs, the ovaries.
Sperm
A cell that is produced in the male reproductive system
fertilisation
male and female sex cells fuse together, leading to the formation of a new organism.
X Chromosome
one of the two sex chromosomes involved in sex determination. In humans and most mammals, females have two X chromosomes.
Y Chromosome
a chromosome that determines the male sex in humans and other mammals.
Variation
Any difference between cells, individual organisms, or groups of organisms of and species.
Gene
a specific section of DNA that codes for a specific trait.
Allele
A specific variation of a gene
Homozygous
Two identical copies of alleles
Heterozygous
Carries different or non-identical alleles for a particular trait.
Dominant
An allele, gene or trait that is expressed. Masks the effect of the recessive allele, gene or trait.
Recessive
Effects are masked in the presence of a dominant allele.
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism.
Phenotype
Observable and measurable characteristics of an organism.
Punnett square
The diagram used in genetics to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring,
