Inheritance Flashcards
What are the two equations for the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
p+q=1
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
What does ‘p’ represent in p+q=1 ?
dominant allele frequency
What does ‘q’ represent in p+q=1 ?
Recessive allele frequency
What does p^2 represent in the HW equation?
frequency of homozygous dominant genotype
What does q^2 represent in the HW equation?
Frequency of homozygous recessive genotype
What does 2pq represent in the HW equation?
Frequency of heterozygous genotype
Define co-dominance
Type of inheritance, where both alleles are equally dominant and expressed in the phenotype
What is sex linkage?
Type of inheritance, a gene whose locus is on the X chromosome.
What is autosomal linkage?
Type of inheritance, genes are located on the same chromosome (not sex chromosome)
What is epistasis?
Type of inheritance, when one gene modifies or masks the expression of a different gene at a difference locus.
Define monohybrid
Genetic inheritance cross of characteristics determined by one gene.
Define dihybrid
Genetic inheritance cross for a characteristic determined by two genes.
Define genotype
An organisms genetic composition, describes all alleles
Describe phenotype
An organisms observable characteristics, how genotype is expressed
What is a recessive allele?
Only expressed if dominant allele is absent
Define dominant alleles
Describes an allele that is always expressed
What does heterozygous mean?
Pair of homologous chromosomes carrying 2 different alleles for a single gene
