Inheritance

Question 0

What occurs in the G1 phase?

Answer 0

Cell content replication

Question 1

List the 4 stages of the cell cycle

Answer 1

G1, S, G2, M

Question 2

What occurs during the S phase?

Answer 2

DNA replication

Question 3

What occurs in the G2 phase?

Answer 3

Double checking and repair

Question 4

What are the main stages of DNA replication?

Answer 4

Initiation, elongation, termination

Question 5

Which enzyme joins together Okazaki fragments?

Answer 5

DNA ligase

Question 6

List the 6 phases of mitosis

Answer 6

Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Question 7

What happens in prophase?

Answer 7

Spindle fibres appear

Chromosomes condense

Question 8

What happens in prometaphase?

Answer 8

Spindle fibres attach to chromosomes

Question 9

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 9

Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate

Question 10

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 10

Centromeres separate

Sister chromatids move to separate poles

Question 11

What happens in telophase?

Answer 11

Nuclear membrane reforms
Chromosomes decondense
Spindle fibres disappear

Question 12

What happens in cytokinesis?

Answer 12

Cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells

Question 13

What are two genes on the same chromosome said to be?

Answer 13

Linked

Question 14

Define genotype

Answer 14

The genetic make-up of an individual

Question 15

Define phenotype

Answer 15

The observable characteristics of an individual. The expressed traits of a specific genetic locus

Question 16

List environmental factors that can have an effect on genotype and phenotype

Answer 16

Radiation
Diet
Mutagens
Chemicals that can affect cell growth
Lifestyle

Question 17

What is a gene?

Answer 17

A unit of hereditary. A length of DNA on a chromosome that contains the code for a protein.

Question 18

What is an allele?

Answer 18

An alternative form of a gene. Each individual has two alleles for the same gene, which can either be the same or different.

Question 19

Give an example of co-dominant alleles

Answer 19

Blood type AB

Question 20

What is complementation?

Answer 20

When more than one gene is responsible for the phenotype. Therefore a child of two recessive parents can be unaffected if parents have different defective genes and inherits healthy genes. Eg albinism

Question 21

In a pedigree diagram, how would you draw an affected male?

Answer 21

Shaded in square

Question 22

In a pedigree diagram, how would you draw a carrier female?

Answer 22

A circle either half shaded in or with a dot in the centre