inheritance Flashcards
genome
entire DNA of an organism
gene
a section of a molecule of DNA that codes for a specific protein
nucleus of a cell
contains chromosomes on which genes are located
allele
An allele is one of two or more versions of DNA which give rise to differences in inherited characteristics
dominant
gene that produces the same phenotype in the organism whether or not its allele identical. it is always the uppercase letter
recessive
gene that can be masked by a dominant gene. it is always the lowercase letter
homozygous
The presence of two identical alleles at a particular gene locus.
heterozygous
The presence of two different alleles at a particular gene locus
phenotype
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
genotype
the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
male pair of chromosomes
XY
male pair of chromosomes
XY
female pair of chromosomes
XX
division of a diploid cell by mitosis
produces 2 cells that contain identical sets of chromosomes
when does mitosis occur?
during growth, repair, cloning and asexual reproduction
division of a cell by meiosis
produces four cells, each with half the number of chromosomes, it makes a genetically different haploid gametes
phenotypic feature(the way you look and are)
dont come from a single gene, but from many genes
diploid
has two sets of chromosomes. this is the normal number in an adult cell. e.g 46 in humans.
haploid
one set of chromosomes. found in gametes. half of diploid e.g 23 in humans
variation
the differences shown within a species. it can be because of genetics or environmental or both
mutation
is a rare random change in genetic material that can be inherited. e.g sickle cell anemia
Darwins theory
. mutation
. variation
. survival
. reproduce
. gene passed on
