Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a gene?

A

A sequence of bases on a DNA molecule that codes for a protein resulting in characteristics

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2
Q

What is an allele?

A

A different version of a gene

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3
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The genetic constitution of an organism (BB or Bb or bb)

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4
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The expression of its genetic constitution and its interaction with the environment

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5
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

An allele whose characteristics appears in the phenotype even if there’s one copy (capital letter)

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6
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

An allele whose characteristics only appear in the phenotype if there are two copies (lowercase letter)

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7
Q

Define homozygote

A

An organism that carries two copies of the same allele

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8
Q

Define hetozygote

A

An organisms that carries two different alleles

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9
Q

What genetic diseases are be caused by recessive alleles?

A

Cystic fibrosis
Sickle cell anaemia
Phenylketonuria

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10
Q

What genetic diseases are caused by dominant alleles?

A

Huntingdon’s disease
Dwarfism
Type 1 neurofibromatosis

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11
Q

What is monohybrid inheritance?

A

Inheritance of a single gene

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12
Q

What is codominance?

A

When both alleles are expressed in the phenotypes. Neither one is recessive. It occurs when 2 inherited alleles both show dominance.

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13
Q

What is dihybrid inheritance?

A

Inheritance of two different genes

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14
Q

What is the phenotypic ration for a monohybrid cross with a homozygous dominant and a homozygous recessive?

A

3:1 (all heterozygous offspring)

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15
Q

What is the phenotypic ration for a dihybrid cross with a homozygous dominant and a homozygous recessive?

A

9:3:3:1 (all heterozygous offspring)

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16
Q

What is the phenotypic ration for a codominant cross with a homozygous dominant and a homozygous recessive?

A

1:2:2 (all heterozygous offspring)