Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

Locus definition

A

Physical location occupied by a gene on a chromosome

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2
Q

Gene definition

A

A specific sequence of nucleotides (a t c g) in DNA molecule which codes for a RNA/polypeptide.
Basic unit of hereditary

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3
Q

Allele definition

A

An alternative form of the same gene responsible for variation in a particular characteristic
Alleles of a gene occupy the same gene locus on homologous chromosome
Slight difference in nucleic acid sequence
Occurs in pairs in diploid individual, only 1 of a pair is represented in a gamete

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4
Q

Codominance definition

A

2 alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype of heterozygote
Codominant of each other

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5
Q

Incomplete dominance definition

A

One allele for a specific trait not completely dominant over other allele, resulting in heterozygote offspring having phenotype which is intermediate of homozygous parents

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6
Q

Genotype definition

A

The genetic make up of an organism with respect to alleles under consideration

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7
Q

Phenotype definition

A

Observable characteristics

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8
Q

Test cross definition

A

Crossing of an organism having unknown genotype with homozygous recessive organism to determine unknown genotype

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9
Q

Sex linkage definition

A

Gene carried on sex chromosomes are sex-linked

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10
Q

Why compare X more often for sex link?

A

Y chromosome smaller than X chromosome, Carries very few genes compared to X. Characteristics determined by genes carried on the non-homologous region of X chromosome will appear in males, even if they are recessive. Thus males have higher tendency to inherit sex-linked diseases as they only have 1 X chromosomes, whereas females have 2 X-chromosomes.

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