Inheritance

Question 1

What is a gene?

Answer 1

Length of DNA that codes for protein

Question 2

Allele

Answer 2

Variation of a gene

Question 3

Homologous Chrormosome

Answer 3

2 Chromosomes that carry the same gene in the same position

Question 4

Genotype

Answer 4

Alleles of a gene possessed by an individual

Question 5

Phenotype

Answer 5

Observable features of an organism

Affected by genes and environment

Question 6

Homozygous

Answer 6

2 identical alleles

Question 7

Heterozygous

Answer 7

2 different alleles

Question 8

Dominant

Answer 8

Always expressed in phenotype

Question 9

Recessive

Answer 9

Expressed only when dominant allele is absent

Question 10

Co-dominant

Answer 10

both alleles expressed at the same time

Question 11

F1 gen

Answer 11

Offspring homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive parents
They are Heterozygous

Question 12

F2 gen

Answer 12

Offspring of 2 F1 individuals

Question 13

Sex linkage

Answer 13

Gene found in region of a sex chromosome that cannot be found on the other sex chromosome

Question 14

Test cross

Answer 14

Genetic cross between an organism showing dominant characteristics (unknown genotype) and a homozygous recessive organism.
The phenotype of the offspring is used to determine whether original organism is heterozygous or homozygous

Question 15

Autosome

Answer 15

All chromosomes that are not sex linked

Question 16

Autosomal linkage

Answer 16

Occurs on autosomes

Two or more genes on same chromosome do not assort independently during meiosis

Question 17

Monohybrid

Answer 17

Alleles for a SINGLE GENE are passed from generation to another

Question 18

Dihybrid

Answer 18

Alles for TWO GENES inherited

Question 19

Epistasis

Answer 19

Interaction of two genes at different loci

One gene affects the expression of the other gene

Question 20

parental type

Answer 20

Offspring with the same combinations a s the parent

Question 21

Recombinant

Answer 21

Offspring that show different characteristics from their parents

Question 22

Independent assortment

Answer 22

Random movement of chromosomes during meiosis

Question 23

Structural Gene

Answer 23

Gene that codes for a protein that has function within a cell

Question 24

Regulatory Gene

Answer 24

Codes for a proteins that helps to control the expression of another gene

Question 25

Inducible enzymes

Answer 25

Enzymes only synthesised when their complementary substrates are present

Question 26

Repressible enzymes

Answer 26

Enzymes that are always being synthesised as normal until a repressor binds to the operator which stops synthesis

Question 27

Operon

Answer 27

Cluster of genes that are controlled by the same promoter

Question 28

Promoter

Answer 28

Region of DNA that allows for transcription to occur

Question 29

Operator

Answer 29

Segment of DNA where represser binds to to inhibit the transcription of a gene

Question 30

Transcription factor

Answer 30

Protein that controls the transcription of genes by binding to specific region of DNA