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Anaesthetics, ED and Plastics > Inhalation / Non-thermal Burns > Flashcards

Inhalation / Non-thermal Burns Flashcards

1
Q

How does inhalation injury affect

A

Damages airway due to inhalation of hot gas or combustion causing irritation
Systemic affects of absorption of CO

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2
Q

Mortality

A

Increased by 40%

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3
Q

How long for symptoms to present

A

Can take up to 5 days

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4
Q

When should you suspect

A 
Closed space / house fired
Any burn to head and neck 
Facial injury
Singed nasal hair 
Soot in respiratory or pharyngeal secretion
Wheeze
Hoarse voice
Brassy cough
SOB
Tachypneoa 
Stridor
Altered consciousness 
Can obstruct due to swelling of vocal cord
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5
Q

How do you classify

A

Supraglottic - above larynx

Subglottic - below larynx

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6
Q

What causes supraglottic

A

Primary thermal due to inhalation of gas

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7
Q

What happens

A

Inflammatory mediators

Cause oedema and obstruction

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8
Q

What causes subglottic

A

Chemical injury
Damages alveoli resulting in interfere in gas exchange
Heat wouldn’t travel that far

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9
Q

What happens

A

Systemic absorption
CO and cyanide = most important
Shifts shifts oxyhaemoglobin curve to the left
leads to LOC, neurotoxicity and convulsion

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10
Q

Mortality

A

Unlikely to survive

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11
Q

How do you investigate

A

ABG - CO level / carboxyHb
CXR
Bronchoscopy to exclude pulmonary injury - anaesthesist can do if suspect

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12
Q

What will ABG show

A

Metabolic acidosis due to CO

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13
Q

How do you manage

A 
Humidified O2 at 15l non-rebreath
Large bore IV access 
Monitor sats
Senior help - anaesthetist
Greater fluid requirement
Analgesia
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14
Q

What may be needed and when

A

Hyperbaric O2 if CO >30%

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15
Q

What can cause electrical burns

A

Low voltage
High voltage
Lightening

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16
Q

What is amount of heat proportional to

A

Current
Resistance
Duration

17
Q

What has most resistance and least

A 
Bone = most
Fat
Tendon
Skin
Muscle
Vessel
Nerve = least
18
Q

How do you manage

A

Turn of power

Same as above

19
Q

What is required within 24 hours

A

ECG

20
Q

What can cause chemical burn

A

Acid

Alkali = more dangerous

21
Q

What does extend depend on

A 
Toxicity
Quantitiy
Concentration
Temperature of chemical 
SA exposed
Duration of contact 
Systemic effects
22
Q

What are common acid

A

HCL = extremely corrosive
Nitric
Sulphuric

23
Q

What happens with HCL

A

H = skin injury

Fluroide binds Ca = hypocalcaemia

24
Q

How do you manage

A

Irrigation until pH back to neutral

Do not apply neutralisation as further damage

25
Q

What suggests NAI

A

Multiple demarcated
Unusual body area - back, shoulder, buttock
Implement

Anaesthetics, ED and Plastics (14 decks)

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