Inguinal Canal

Question 1

What is the Inguinal Ligament made of?

Answer 1

Rolled under inferior border of external oblique muscle aponeurosis

Question 2

What is the conjoint tendon made of?

Answer 2

Combined aponeurosis of inferior/medial margins of internal oblique and transversus abdominal m.

Question 3

What exits the superficial ring, the exit for inguinal canal?

Answer 3

Spermatic or round ligament

Question 4

Ligament between pubic ligament and inguinal ligament

Answer 4

Lacunar ligament

Question 5

Continuation of fibers from lacunar ligament that’s runs along pectin pubis

Answer 5

Pectineal ligament

Question 6

What pass through the deep ring, entrance for inguinal canal?

Answer 6

Vas deferens and gonadal vessels/nerves in males. Round ligament in females.

Question 7

Thickening of transversalis fascia running posterior to inguinal ligament

Answer 7

Iliopubic tract

Question 8

What does the genitofemoral nerve innervate (L1, L2)?

Answer 8

Motor to cremasteric m. Sensory to small part of medial thigh and scrotal/labial fascia.

Question 9

Explain the descent of the testis.

Answer 9

Gonads originally form at T10. Gonads are connected to the future scrotal swellings by gubernaculum. They then descend into this outpocketing of the peritoneal cavity (processesus vaginalis), carrying vessels and nerves with them. This connection closes off within 1st year and tunica vaginalis represents the remains of processus vaginalis.

Question 10

Layers of the abdominal wall descend with the gonads as they “herniate”, forming the spermatic cord.
The transversalis fascia becomes_____
The Internal oblique becomes ____
The external oblique becomes ____

Answer 10

Internal spermatic fascia
Cremasteric muscle
Ext. Spermatic fascia

Question 11

What are cryptorchid testis? What do they increase the risk of?

Answer 11

Undescended testis. Increase the risk of testicular cancer.

Question 12

What is testicular varicocele?

Answer 12

Varicosities of pampiniform plexus. Swelling in scrotum with dull and recurring pain.

Question 13

Spermatic cord contents

Answer 13

Vas deferens, Testicular artery, Testicular veins (Pampiniform plexus), Gonadal nerves, Gonadal lymphatics

Question 14

What is hematocele?

Answer 14

Accumulation of blood in tunica vaginalis

Question 15

What is hydrocele?

Answer 15

Peritoneal fluid accumulation within tunica vaginalis. More common in babies. Communicating and noncommunicating types. Most self rectify!

Question 16

Scrotum drains into what lymph nodes?

Answer 16

Superficial inguinal notes and eventually travels into iliac and lumbar lymph nodes.

Question 17

Testes drain into what lymph nodes?

Answer 17

Lumbar and pre-aortic lymph nodes