Infrastructure (6) Flashcards
Which of the following best describes the function of a virtual switch?
A virtual switch is a feature in layer 3 switches that enables VLANs on the same switch to communicate with each other.
A virtual switch is a feature in layer 3 switches that enables VLANs on different switches to communicate with each other.
A virtual switch enables virtual machines running on the same hypervisor to communicate with each other internally.
A virtual switch enables virtual machines running on the same hypervisor to communicate with each other internally.
In most virtualization products, when you create multiple virtual machines on one host computer, they can communicate with each other internally using a built-in virtual switching capability. A computer with multiple network adapters can function as a router, but not as a switch. Layer 3 switches can provide virtual routers that connect VLANs together, but not virtual switches. The function that enables VLANs on different switches to communicate is called trunking, not virtual switching
Which of the following statements best describes the difference between Type I and Type II virtualization?
Type II virtualization requires the host computer to have a processor that supports hardware virtualization assistance; Type I virtualization does not.
In Type I virtualization, the hypervisor runs directly on the physical computer hardware, whereas in Type II virtualization, a host operating system runs on the computer hardware and the hypervisor runs on top of the host OS.
Type I virtualization supports up to 256 virtual machines, whereas Type II virtualization supports only 8.
In Type I virtualization, the hypervisor runs directly on the physical computer hardware, whereas in Type II virtualization, a host operating system runs on the computer hardware and the hypervisor runs on top of the host OS.
Type I virtualization does not require a host OS, whereas Type II virtualization does. Both Type I and Type II virtualization can use processors with hardware virtualization assistance, but only Type I requires it. The type of virtualization does not impose any limit on the number of virtual machines supported; any limitations are left to the individual implementation. Both Type I and Type II virtualization can share a single processor among virtual machines
On which of the following virtual networking components can you create VLANs?
Virtual NIC
Virtual switch
Virtual router
Virtual switch
You can create virtual local area networks (VLANs) on a virtual switch, just as you can create them on many physical switches. In most cases, virtual components function just like their physical counterparts. Virtual NICs are components of virtual machines and therefore do not provide functions spanning entire networks. Virtual routers function at the network layer and virtual firewalls at the application layer, so neither of these can host VLANs, which operate at the data link layer
On an unmanaged network, which of the following virtual networking components have media access control (MAC) addresses assigned to them?
Virtual switches
Virtual NICs
Hypervisors
Virtual NICs
Just like physical network interface cards (NICs), virtual NICs have six-byte MAC addresses assigned to them, which enable them to be identified by data link layer protocols. Unlike physical NICs, however, it is typically an easy matter to modify a MAC address on a virtual NIC. Virtual switches, like physical switches, are not addressable devices, so they do not have MAC addresses on an unmanaged network. The hypervisor is the component on a host server that makes virtualization possible, so it does not require a MAC address. Virtual firewalls operate at the application layer, so they do not require data link layer MAC addresses. On a managed network, these devices have a MAC address to communicate with the management console, but addresses are not needed on an unmanaged network
Which of the following protocols is not used for storage area networking (SANs)?
iSCSI
FCoE
VoIP
VoIP
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a technology for the transmission of voice communications over IP networks; it is not a SAN protocol. Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (ISCSI), Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE), and Fibre Channel are all SAN protocols
Which of the following technologies do iSCSI initiators use to locate iSCSI targets on the network?
DNS
iWINS
iSNS
iSNS
The Internet Storage Name Service (iSNS) is an application that provides iSCSI initiators with automated discovery of targets located on the network. iSNS can also function as a discovery service for Fibre Channel devices. Active Directory, Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), and Domain Name System (DNS) are not capable of registering iSCSI targets. iWINS does not exist
What is the highest possible data transfer rate on a storage area network (SAN) using Fibre Channel?
16 Gbps
32 Gbps
128 Gbps
128 Gbps
The current Fibre Channel standard calls for a maximum data transfer rate of 128 gigabits per second (Gbps), for a nominal throughput of 12,800 megabytes per second (MBps)
Which of the following storage area network (SAN) technologies can conceivably share the same network cabling system as a local area network (LAN)? (Choose all correct answers.)
iSCSI
Fibre Channel
FCoE
InfiniBand
iSCSI
FCoE
iSCSI runs on a standard IP network, so its traffic can conceivably coexist with LAN traffic. However, the use of a quality of service (QoS) mechanism is strongly recommended, to prevent the two traffic types from interfering with each other. Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) replaces the bottom two layers of the standard Fibre Channel network with Ethernet physical and data link layer implementations. This makes it possible to run a Fibre Channel SAN using standard Ethernet networking hardware. However, the same issues of traffic coexistence that affect iSCSI apply to FCoE as well. Standard Fibre Channel and InfiniBand SANs cannot coexist with LAN traffic on the same network cable
In its primary functionality, a network attached storage (NAS) device is most closely associated with which of the following devices?
Failover cluster
File server
JBOD
File server
A NAS device is essentially a file server that connects to a network and provides users with access to shared files. A NAS is a single computer, so it cannot be associated with failover clustering. Just a Bunch of Disks (JBOD) is a simple storage array that provides block-level access to data, whereas NAS devices provide file-level access. Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is a fault tolerance technology that might be implemented in NAS devices, but it is not the device’s primary function
Which of the following statements about the differences between network attached storage (NAS) and storage area networks (SANs) are true? (Choose all correct answers.)
NAS provides file-level storage access, whereas SAN provides block-level storage access.
NAS devices typically contain integrated iSCSI targets.
SAN devices have an operating system, whereas NAS devices do not.
NAS devices typically provide a filesystem, whereas SAN devices do not.
NAS provides file-level storage access, whereas SAN provides block-level storage access.
NAS devices typically provide a filesystem, whereas SAN devices do not.
NAS devices are self-contained file servers that connect directly to a standard IP network. A NAS device provides file-level access to its storage devices and includes an operating system and a filesystem. NAS devices are typically not iSCSI targets
Which of the following statements specify advantages of FCoE over the original Fibre Channel standard? (Choose all correct answers.)
FCoE is less expensive to implement than Fibre Channel.
FCoE can share a network with standard IP traffic, whereas Fibre Channel cannot.
FCoE is routable over IP networks, whereas Fibre Channel is not.
FCoE uses standard Ethernet networking hardware.
FCoE is less expensive to implement than Fibre Channel.
FCoE can share a network with standard IP traffic, whereas Fibre Channel cannot.
FCoE uses standard Ethernet networking hardware.
Because it uses standard Ethernet hardware, Fiber Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) is far less expensive to implement than Fibre Channel, which requires a dedicated fiber-optic network. Because Fibre Channel requires a dedicated network, it cannot coexist with standard IP traffic, whereas FCoE can. Because it is encapsulated in Ethernet frames, FCoE is not routable on IP networks
Which of the following are application layer protocols that network attached storage (NAS) devices can use to serve shared files to clients on the network? (Choose all correct answers.)
CIFS
NFS
RDMA
HTTP
CIFS
NFS
HTTP
Common Internet File System (CIFS), Network File System (NFS), and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) are all file sharing protocols supported by many NAS devices. Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) provides high-speed network data transfers, but it is not an application layer file sharing protocol
Which of the following is not one of the advantages of iSCSI over Fibre Channel?
iSCSI is routable, whereas Fibre Channel is not.
iSCSI is less expensive to implement than Fibre Channel.
iSCSI includes its own internal flow control mechanism, whereas Fibre Channel does not.
iSCSI includes its own internal flow control mechanism, whereas Fibre Channel does not.
iSCSI does not include its own flow control mechanism. It runs over a TCP connection, which is the protocol responsible for flow control. Because it runs on any IP network, iSCSI traffic is routable, and it is less expensive to implement. Fibre Channel requires a dedicated network using fiber-optic cable. iSCSI traffic can coexist with standard LAN traffic on a single network, although some type of quality of service (QoS) mechanism is frequently recommended
Which of the following storage area network (SAN) technologies is primarily used by supercomputers as a high-speed, low-latency connection between processors and storage systems?
InfiniBand
Fibre Channel
iSCSI
InfiniBand
InfiniBand is a high-end storage infrastructure technology that provides data transfer rates of up to 2.5 Gbps and scalable support for up to 64,000 devices. It is primarily used in high-performance computing environments to replace older bus technologies connecting processors to storage arrays. Fibre Channel, Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI), and Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) are all SAN technologies, but they are more commonly used in local area network (LAN) environments
Which of the following is the term for the client that accesses an iSCSI device on a storage area network?
Initiator
Target
Controller
Initiator
The client side of an iSCSI implementation is called an initiator. The storage device to which the initiator connects is called a target. Controller and adapter are not terms used for iSCSI clients or servers
