Infrastructure Flashcards
3.0 Infrastructure
Which are the 5 STP iterations?
- 802.1D Original Specification
- PVST Per-VLAN Spanning Tree
- PVST+ Per-VLAN Spanning Tree +
- 802.1W RSTP Rapid Per-VLAN Spanning Tree
- 802.1S MST Multiple SPanning Tree Protocol
Which are the RSTP Port States?
- Discarding
- Learning
- Forwarding
Which are the RSTP Port Roles?
- Root port (RP)
- Desginated port (DP)
- Alternate port
- Backup port
Which are the RSTP Port types?
- Edge port
- Root port
- Point-to-point port
Which port cost is assigned to a 1GBps link, with a default interface port cost?
A. 19
B. 1
C. 100
D. 4
D. De port cost will be 4
10 Bbps = 100
100 Mbps = 19
1000 Mbps = 4
10000 Mbps = 2
200000 Mbps = 1
1000000 Mbps = 1
10000000 Mbps = 1
What bridge priority will be preferd to become de Root bridge? Lower or Higher number?
Lower number
What is Root Guard?
STP feature that prevents a port from becoming a root Port
What is Portfast?
Prevents a port from generating a Topology Change notification (TCN), and bypasses the earlier 802.1D STP State. Port will be forwarding faster. Only for port connected to clients, not other switches.
What is BPDU Guard?
A STP Feature that shuts down ports when a BPDU packet is received on them.
What is BPDU Filter?
Prevents BPDU’s from being sent from the port is configured on
What is Loop Guard
Prevents a Alternate or Root port from becaming a desginated port dua to loss of BPDU on the Root port
What dos MST stand for?
Multiple Spanning Tree
With MST, VLANS are directly associated with …….. ?
A. Areas
B. Regions
C. Instances
b. Switches
C. Instances
What are MSTI’s. And what are the purpose of these instances?
Multiple Spanning Tree Instances. Linking VLAN(s) to a specific instance for loadbalancing and efficient BPDU distribution.
Is it recomanded to assign used VLAN’s to the MSTI 0 instance?
No, because that can generate problems.
Whats a CIST regional root
The switch in aan MSTI region with the lowest path priority and/or bridge id to the CIST Root
What is a CIST Root?
A switch with the Common and internal spanning tree (CIST) root roll, the most important switch between al regions.
Whats a Distance Vector Routing Algorithm?
A routing algorithm design to find the best path to the destination by leverencing “Distance to Destination” aka hop count.
Whats are examples of a Distance Vector Routing Algorithm?
RIP(v2)
Whats a enhanced Distance Vector Routing Algorithm? And whats a example of one?
A routing algorithm design to find the best path to the destination by leverencing “Distance to Destination” aka hop count but also using bandwith, delay, reliabilitym load, and MTU. Example: EIGRP
Whats a Link state routing protecol? And whats a example of one?
A routing protecol thats used link state and link matric for calculation the best path to its destination. Example: OSPF, IS-IS
What is the difference between OSPF and RIP?
OSPF is a link-state protocol, whereas RIP is a distance-vector protocol.
OSPF uses the Dijkstra SPF algorithm, while RIP uses the Bellman-Ford algorithm.
OSPF calculates the best route based on cost (bandwidth), while RIP only considers hop count (maximum of 15 hops).
OSPF converges faster and more efficiently than RIP, especially in large networks.
What are the default Hello and Dead timers for OSPF on a broadcast network?
A) 10s Hello, 40s Dead
B) 5s Hello, 20s Dead
C) 30s Hello, 120s Dead
D) 1s Hello, 5s Dead
Answer: A
What is the purpose of the OSPF Router ID, and how is it selected?
The OSPF Router ID (RID) is a unique identifier for an OSPF router and is chosen in the following order:
Manually configured using the command router-id X.X.X.X (highest priority). If no manual router ID is set, the highest IP address of an active loopback interface is used. If there is no loopback, the highest IP address of an active physical interface is used. The Router ID does not change unless OSPF is restarted or the router is rebooted.
Which OSPF LSA types are propagated within a single area? (Choose 2)
A) Type 1 (Router LSA)
B) Type 2 (Network LSA)
C) Type 3 (Summary LSA)
D) Type 4 (ASBR Summary LSA)
Answer: A, B
What is the function of an OSPF Area, and why is OSPF designed hierarchically?
An OSPF Area is a logical subdivision of an OSPF network that helps keep routing tables and SPF calculations small and efficient.
OSPF is hierarchical to improve scalability and stability.
Area 0 (Backbone Area) is mandatory and connects all other areas.
By using multiple areas, LSAs are restricted to their own area, reducing CPU load and improving convergence speed.
What are the AD’s of each routing protecol?
OSPF
EIGRP (Internal)
EIGRP (External)
RIP
BGP (External - eBGP)
BGP (Internal - iBGP)
IS-IS
Static Route
Connected Route
0 - 115 - 20 - 1 - 90 - 120 - 110 -200 - 170
0 (Connected Route)
1 (Static Route)
20 (BGP External - eBGP)
90 (EIGRP Internal)
110 (OSPF)
115 (IS-IS)
120 (RIP)
170 (EIGRP External)
200 (BGP Internal - iBGP)
What kind of routes are this?
- ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 Gig1/0/1
- Ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 10.20.30.1
- Ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 Gig1/0/1 10.20.30.1
- Directly attacched static route
- Recursive static route
- Fully specified static route
Whats a Floating static route
A route with a higher AD than the default. Most of the time used as backup for a dynamic routing protocol
Whats a EIGRP Successor Route?
The route with the lowest path metric to the destination
Whats a EIGRP Successor?
The first next-hob router for the Successor Route.
What is the EIGRP Feasible Distance?
Feasible Distance (FD) is the lowest calculated cost (metric) to reach a destination, including the cost from the local router to the next-hop router. It is the metric that the router considers for the best path to a network. The FD is stored in the routing table and is updated whenever a better path is found.
What is the reported distance from a EIGRP neighbor
The distance from that neighbor to the destination
What is the IPv4 address for de OSPF message to AllSPFRouters?
224.0.0.5
What is the IPv4 address for de OSPF message to AllDRouters?
224.0.0.6
