Infosec Flashcards
1
Q
A bot is a computer compromised by malware and under the control of a bot master (attacker). (T or F)
A
True
2
Q
The best defense against being an unwitting participant in a DDoS attack is to prevent your systems from being compromised. TF
A
True
3
Q
Botnet command-and-control must be centralized, i.e., all bots communicate with a central server(s). TF
A
False
4
Q
Both static and dynamic analyses are needed in order to fully understand malware behaviors. TF
A
False
5
Q
The domain name(s) of the command and control server(s) of a botnet are pre-determined for the lifetime of the botnet. TF
A
False
6
Q
Some APT attacks last for years before they are detected. TF
A
True
7
Q
If we find that a botnet server is located in country X, we can be certain that criminals within country X control the botnet.
A
False
8
Q
A firewall can serve as the platform for IPSec.
A
True
9
Q
A packet filtering firewall is typically configured to filter packets going in both directions.
A
True
10
Q
A prime disadvantage of an application-level gateway is the additional processing overhead on each connection.
A
True
11
Q
A DMZ is one of the internal firewalls protecting the bulk of the enterprise network.
A
False
12
Q
A Botnet can use \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for command-and-control. A.Email B.HTTP C.IRC D.All the above
A
D.All the above
13
Q
In a \_\_\_\_\_\_ attack the attacker creates a series of DNS requests containing the spoofed source address for the target system. A.SYN flood B.DNS amplification C.poison packet D.UDP flood
A
B.DNS amplification
14
Q
Characteristics of APT include \_\_\_\_\_\_. A.Using zero-day exploit B.Low-and-slow C.Targeting high-value data D.All the above
A
D.All the above
15
Q
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ defines the transport protocol. A.destination IP address B.source IP address C.interface D.IP protocol field
A
D.IP protocol field
16
Q
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ gateway sets up two TCP connections, one between itself and a TCP user on an inner host and one between itself and a TCP user on an outside host. A.packet filtering B.stateful inspection C.application-level D.circuit-level
A
D.circuit-level
17
Q
Typically the systems in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ require or foster external connectivity such as a corporate Web site, an e-mail server, or a DNS server. A.DMZ B.IP protocol field C.boundary firewall D.VPN
A
A.DMZ
18
Q
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ configuration involves stand-alone firewall devices plus host-based firewalls working together under a central administrative control. A.packet filtering firewall B.distributed firewall C.personal firewall D.stateful inspection firewall
A
B.distributed firewall
19
Q
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ attack is designed to circumvent filtering rules that depend on TCP header information. A.tiny fragment B.address spoofing C.source routing D.bastion host
A
A.tiny fragment
20
Q
The firewall may be a single computer system or a set of two or more systems that cooperate to perform the firewall function.
A
True
21
Q
Intrusion detection is based on the assumption that the behavior of the intruder differs from that of a legitimate user in ways that can be quantified.
A
T
22
Q
To be of practical use an IDS should detect a substantial percentage of intrusions while keeping the false alarm rate at an acceptable level.
A
T
23
Q
An inline sensor monitors a copy of network traffic; the actual traffic does not pass through the device.
A
F
24
Q
A common location for a NIDS sensor is just inside the external firewall.
A
T
25
Network-based intrusion detection makes use of signature detection and anomaly detection.
T
26
Symmetric encryption is used primarily to provide confidentiality.
T
27
Two of the most important applications of public-key encryption are digital signatures and key management.
T
28
The secret key is one of the inputs to a symmetric-key encryption algorithm.
T
29
The strength of a hash function against brute-force attacks depends on the length of the hash code produced by the algorithm.
T
30
Public-key algorithms are based on simple operations on bit patterns.
T
31
```
A _______ monitors the characteristics of a single host and the events occurring within that host for suspicious activity.
A.host-based IDS
B.security intrusion
C.network-based IDS
D.intrusion detection
```
A.host-based IDS
32
```
_______ involves an attempt to define a set of rules or attack patterns that can be used to decide if a given behavior is that of an intruder.
A.Profile based detection
B.Signature detection
C.Threshold detection
D.Anomaly detection
```
B.Signature detection
33
```
_______ involves the collection of data relating to the behavior of legitimate users over a period of time.
A.Profile based detection
B.Signature detection
C.Threshold detection
D.Anomaly detection
```
D.Anomaly detection
34
```
A(n) ______ is inserted into a network segment so that the traffic that it is monitoring must pass through the sensor.
A.passive sensor
B.analysis sensor
C.LAN sensor
D.inline sensor
```
D.inline sensor
35
```
The ______ is the IDS component that examines the data collected by the sensor for signs of unauthorized or undesired activity or for events that might be of interest to the security administrator.
A.data source
B.sensor
C.operator
D.analyzer
```
D.analyzer
36
```
On average, ________ of all possible keys must be tried in order to achieve success with a brute-force attack.
A.one-fourth
B.half
C.two-thirds
D.three-fourths
```
B.half
37
```
________ is a procedure that allows communicating parties to verify that received or stored messages are authentic.
A.Cryptanalysis
B.Decryption
C.Message authentication
D.Collision resistance
```
C.Message authentication
38
```
The purpose of a ________ is to produce a ?fingerprint? of a file, message, or other block of data.
A.secret key
B.digital signature
C.keystream
D.hash function
```
D.hash function
39
```
A _________ is created by using a secure hash function to generate a hash value for a message and then encrypting the hash code with a private key.
A.digital signature
B.keystream
C.one-way hash function
D.secret key
```
A.digital signature
40
```
If the only form of attack that could be made on an encryption algorithm is brute-force, then the way to counter such attacks would be to ________ .
A.use longer keys
B.use shorter keys
C.use more keys
D.use less keys
```
A.use longer keys
41
Symmetric encryption is also referred to as secret-key or single-key encryption
T
42
The ciphertext-only attack is the easiest to defend against.
T
43
A brute-force approach involves trying every possible key until an intelligible translation of the ciphertext into plaintext is obtained.
T
44
AES uses a Feistel structure.
F
45
Each block of 64 plaintext bits is encoded independently using the same key? is a description of the CBC mode of operation.
F
46
Timing attacks are only applicable to RSA.
F
47
Using PKCS (public-key cryptography standard), when RSA encrypts the same message twice, different ciphertexts will be produced.
T
48
The Diffie-Hellman algorithm depends for its effectiveness on the difficulty of computing discrete logarithms
T
49
A key exchange protocol is vulnerable to a man-in-the-middle attack if it does not authenticate the participants.
T
50
Just like RSA can be used for signature as well as encryption, Digital Signature Standard can also be used for encryption.
F
51
In general, public key based encryption is much slower than symmetric key based encryption.
T
52
```
________ is the original message or data that is fed into the encryption process as input.
A.Plaintext
B.Encryption algorithm
C.Decryption algorithm
D.Ciphertext
```
A.Plaintext
53
```
Which of the following would allow an attack that to know the (plaintext of) current message must be the same as one previously transmitted because their ciphtertexts are the same?
A.CBC
B.ECB
C.CFB
D.OFB
```
B.ECB
54
```
________ is a term that refers to the means of delivering a key to two parties that wish to exchange data without allowing others to see the key.
A.Session key
B.Subkey
C.Key distribution technique
D.Ciphertext key
```
C.Key distribution technique
55
```
Which of the following feature can only be provided by public-key cryptography?
A.Confidentiality protection
B.Integrity protection
C.Non-repudiation
D.None of the above
```
C.Non-repudiation
56
Cryptographic systems are generically classified by _______.
A.the type of operations used for transforming plaintext to ciphertext
B.the number of keys used
C.the way in which the plaintext is processed
D.all of the above
D.all of the above
57
```
tion 17 of 20
5.0 Points
________ attacks have several approaches, all equivalent in effort to factoring the product of two primes.
A.Mathematical
B.Brute-force
C.Chosen ciphertext
D.Timing
```
A.Mathematical
58
```
________ are analogous to a burglar guessing a safe combination by observing how long it takes to turn the dial from number to number.
A.Digital standards
B.Mathematical attacks
C.Ciphers
D.Timing attacks
```
D.Timing attacks
59
```
_________ was the first published public-key algorithm.
A.NIST
B.Diffie-Hellman
C.RC4
D.RSA
```
B.Diffie-Hellman
60
```
The principal attraction of ________ compared to RSA is that it appears to offer equal security for a far smaller bit size, thereby reducing processing overhead.
A.ECC
B.MD5
C.Diffie-Hellman
D.none of the above
```
A.ECC
61
SHA is perhaps the most widely used family of hash functions.
T
62
SHA-1 is considered to be very secure.
F
63
HMAC can be proven secure provided that the embedded hash function has some reasonable cryptographic strengths.
T
64
The additive constant numbers used in SHA-512 are random-looking and are hardcoded in the algorithm.
T
65
The strong collision resistance property subsumes the weak collision resistance property.
T
66
Cryptographic hash functions generally execute faster in software than conventional encryption algorithms such as DES and AES.
T
67
A hash function such as SHA-1 was not designed for use as a MAC and cannot be used directly for that purpose because it does not rely on a secret key.
T
68
It is a good idea to use sequentially increasing numbers as challenges in security protocols.
F
69
Assuming that Alice and Bob have each other?s public key. In order to establish a shared session key, Alice just needs to generate a random k, encrypt k using Bob?s public key, and send the encrypted k to Bob and then Bob will know he has a key shared with Alice.
F
70
In security protocol, an obvious security risk is that of impersonation.
F
71
In Kerberos, the authentication server shares a unique secret key with each authorized computer on the network.
T
72
In Kerberos, each human user has a master key shared with the authentication server, and the key is usually derived from the user's password.
T
73
In Kerberos, the purpose of using ticket-granting-ticket (TGT) is to minimize the exposure of a user?s master key.
T
74
The ticket-granting ticket is never expired.
F
75
Kerberos does not support inter-realm authentication.
B
76
```
SHA-1 produces a hash value of _______ bits.
A.256
B.160
C.384
D.180
```
B.160
77
```
Issued as RFC 2104, _______ has been chosen as the mandatory-to-implement MAC for IP Security.
A.RSA
B.SHA-3
C.DSS
D.HMAC
```
D.HMAC
78
```
The DSS makes use of the _______ and presents a new digital signature technique, the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA).
A.HMAC
B.XOR
C.RSA
D.SHA-1
```
D.SHA-1
79
The purposes of a security protocol include:
A.Authentication
B.Key-exchange
C.Negotiate crypto algorithms and parameters
D.All the above
D.All the above
80
Which of the following scenario requires a security protocol:
A.log in to mail.google.com
B.connecting to work from home using a VPN
C.Both A and B
C.Both A and B
81
In IPSec, if A uses DES for traffic from A to B, then B must also use DES for traffic from B to A.
F
82
In IPSec, the sequence number is used for preventing replay attacks.
T
83
Most browsers come equipped with SSL and most Web servers have implemented the protocol.
T
84
In IPSec, packets can be protected using ESP or AH but not both at the same time.
F
85
Even web searches have (often) been in HTTPS.
T
86
In a wireless network, traffic is broadcasted into the air, and so it is much easier to sniff wireless traffic compared with wired traffic.
T
87
Compared with WEP, WPA2 has more flexible authentication and stronger encryption schemes.
T
88
iOS has no vulnerability.
F
89
In iOS, each file is encrypted using a unique, per-file key.
T
90
In iOS, an app can run its own dynamic, run-time generated code.
F
91
The App Store review process can guarantee that no malicious iOS app is allowed into the store for download.
F
92
In iOS, each app runs in its own sandbox.
T
93
In Android, all apps have to be reviewed and signed by Google.
F
94
In Android, an app will never be able to get more permission than what the user has approved.
F
95
Since Android is open-source, each handset vendor can customize it, and this is good for security (hint: consider security updates).
F
96
```
The most complex and important part of TLS is the ________.
A.signature
B.message header
C.payload
D.handshake protocol
```
D.handshake protocol
97
```
_______ is a list that contains the combinations of cryptographic algorithms supported by the client.
A.Compression method
B.Session ID
C.CipherSuite
D.All of the above
```
C.CipherSuite
98
```
ESP supports two modes of use: transport and ________.
A.padding
B.tunnel
C.payload
D.sequence
```
B.tunnel
99
A benefit of IPsec is ________.
A.that it is below the transport layer and transparent to applications
B.there is no need to revoke keying material when users leave the organization
C.it can provide security for individual users if needed
D.all of the above
Not A
100
```
The ______ field in the outer IP header indicates whether the association is an AH or ESP security association.
A.protocol identifier
B.security parameter index
C.IP destination address
D.sequence path counter
```
A.protocol identifier
101
A cookie can be used to authenticate a user to a web site so that the user does not have to type in his password for each connection to the site.
T
102
Malicious JavaScripts is a major threat to browser security.
T
103
XSS is possible when a web site does not check user input properly and use the input in an outgoing html page.
T
104
XSS can perform many types of malicious actions because a malicious script is executed at user?s browser.
T
105
XSRF is possible when a user has a connection to a malicious site while a connection to a legitimate site is still alive.
T
106
In XSRF, the malicious site can send malicious script to execute in the user?s browser by embedding the script in a hidden iframe.
T
107
It is easy for the legitimate site to know if a request is really from the (human) user.
F
108
SQL injection attacks only lead to information disclosure.
F
109
Using an input filter to block certain characters is an effective way to prevent SQL injection attacks.
F
110
SQL injection is yet another example that illustrates the importance of input validation.
T
111
Organizational security objectives identify what IT security outcomes should be achieved.
T
112
Since the responsibility for IT security is shared across the
organization, there is a risk of inconsistent implementation of security and a loss of central monitoring and control.
T
113
Legal and regulatory constraints may require specific approaches to risk assessment.
T
114
One asset may have multiple threats and a single threat may target multiple assets.
T
115
It is likely that an organization will not have the resources to implement all the recommended controls.
T
116
The IT security management process ends with the implementation of controls and the training of personnel.
F
117
The relative lack of success in bringing cybercriminals to justice has led to an increase in their numbers, boldness, and the global scale of their operations.
T
118
The purpose of the privacy functions is to provide a user protection against discovery and misuse of identity by other users.
T
119
```
An IT security plan should include details of ________.
A.risks
B.recommended controls
C.responsible personnel
D.all of the above
```
D.all of the above
120
```
______ is a function that removes specific identifying information from query results, such as last name and telephone number, but creates some sort of unique identifier so that analysts can detect connections between queries.
A.Anonymization
B.Data transformation
C.Immutable audit
D.Selective revelation
```
A.Anonymization
