Information Technology Fundamentals

Question 1

What is information technology (IT)?

Answer 1

A field that involves the use of computers, software, and networks to manage and process information.

Question 2

Name the core components of a computer’s hardware.

Answer 2

CPU, RAM, storage devices (HDD/SSD), motherboard, and peripherals (keyboard, mouse, monitor).

Question 3

What is system software?

Answer 3

Software that manages computer hardware and provides a platform for application software (e.g., operating systems).

Question 4

Define LAN and WAN.

Answer 4

LAN (Local Area Network) is a network that spans a small geographical area, while WAN (Wide Area Network) covers larger distances.

Question 5

What does TCP/IP stand for, and why is it important?

Answer 5

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol; it is the fundamental suite of protocols that governs data communication over the Internet

Question 6

What is a database management system (DBMS)?

Answer 6

Software that allows users to create, manage, and manipulate databases (e.g., MySQL, Oracle).

Question 7

What is data normalization in databases?

Answer 7

The process of organizing data to minimize redundancy and improve data integrity

Question 8

What are the primary goals of information security?

Answer 8

To protect confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) of data.

Question 9

What is encryption?

Answer 9

The process of converting information into a coded format to prevent unauthorized access.

Question 10

Name a few emerging technologies affecting IT.

Answer 10

Cloud computing, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data.

Question 11

What is the primary function of the CPU (Central Processing Unit)?

Answer 11

It acts as the brain of the computer, performing calculations and executing instructions.

Question 12

What is the difference between volatile and non-volatile memory?

Answer 12

Volatile memory (e.g., RAM) loses its data when power is off, while non-volatile memory (e.g., SSD, HDD) retains data even when powered down

Question 13

What is the function of an operating system (OS)?

Answer 13

The OS manages hardware resources, provides a user interface, and enables application software to run

Question 14

Define phishing.

Answer 14

A cyber-attack where attackers impersonate legitimate entities to steal sensitive information, often through deceptive emails or websites.

Question 15

What does cloud computing allow users to do?

Answer 15

Access and store data and applications over the Internet instead of on local servers or personal computers.

Question 16

What is a firewall?

Answer 16

A network security device or software that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

Question 17

What is the purpose of an IP address?

Answer 17

To uniquely identify a device on a network, allowing devices to communicate with one another.

Question 18

What is data encryption, and how can it help in information security?

Answer 18

Data encryption is encoding information to prevent unauthorized access; it helps protect sensitive information from cyber threats.

Question 19

What is the role of a network switch?

Answer 19

A device that connects devices on a local area network (LAN) and uses MAC addresses to forward data to the correct destination.

Question 20

What is client-side programming?

Answer 20

it focuses on the user interface and the presentation of data.

Question 21

What is server-side programming

Answer 21

it deals with processing and handling data on the server.

Question 22

Which type of malware is designed to replicate itself?

Answer 22

Virus

Question 23

Which protocol is used for sending emails?

Answer 23

SMTP

Question 24

Which type of chart is commonly used to display data trends over time?

Answer 24

Line Chart

Question 25

What does the acronym BIOS stand for?

Answer 25

BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM