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BEC > Information Technology > Flashcards

Information Technology Flashcards

1
Q

Which IT personnel roles

should always be segregated?

A
  • Operators
  • Programmers
  • Librarians
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2
Q

What are the duties of a systems analyst?

A
  • Designs or purchases IT system
  • Responsible for flowcharts
  • Liaison between Users and Programmers
  • Note: Think IT Manager
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3
Q

What is the primary duty of

a Systems Administrator?

A

Controls database access.

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4
Q

What are the duties of a

Systems Programmer?

A

Writes, Updates, Maintains, & Tests

software systems and compilers

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5
Q

Which duties should a Systems Programmer NOT have?

A

To maximize internal control, a Systems Programmer

  • should NOT have application programming duties/abilities
  • or be an Operator on the system.
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6
Q

What are the duties of a Systems Operator?

A
  • Schedules and Monitors Jobs
  • Runs IT Help Desk
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7
Q

What duties should a System Operator NOT have?

A

For internal control purposes, they should not be a Programmer on the system.

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8
Q

If it is not possible to segregate duties in an IT System, what actions should be taken to compensate for internal control purposes?

A
  • Include Computer Logs
  • Control Group should review the logs
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9
Q

What is the purpose of a Management Information System (MIS)?

A

To assist with decision making.

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10
Q

What is an Accounting Information System (AIS)?

A

A type of Management Information System (MIS)

that processes accounting transactions.

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of an Executive Information System (EIS)?

A
  • Specialized for Company Executive needs
  • Assists with Strategy Only
  • No Decision-Making Capabilities
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12
Q

What are the characteristics of an Expert System (ES)?

A

Computer uses reasoning

Structured

No human interpretation needed

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of a Decision Support System (DSS)?

A
  • Computer provides data
  • Gives Interactive Support
  • Human interpretation needed
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of an Ad Hoc computer report?

A
  • User initiates the report.
  • The report is created upon demand.
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15
Q

When are Exception reports generated?

A

Exception reports are produced when

  • Edit Tests
  • Check Digits
  • or Self-Checking Digits

identify a problem

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16
Q

What is a query?

A

A type of Ad Hoc report, initiated by a user.

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17
Q

What is End-User Computing?

A

The User develops and executes their own application.

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18
Q

What is the primary benefit of E-commerce?

A

E-commerce makes business transactions easier.

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19
Q

What are the risks of E-commerce?

A
  • Compromised data or theft
  • Less paper trail for auditors.
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20
Q

What are the benefits of

Electronic Data Interchange?

A
  • Uses globally-accepted standards
  • Efficient
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21
Q

What is a File Server?

A

A file server stores shared programs and documents.

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22
Q

What is the purpose of a Database?

A

Located on a File Server

allows users to share documents.

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23
Q

What is the purpose of a LAN (Local Area Network)?

A

It connects computers in close proximity.

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24
Q

What is the purpose of a WAN (Wide Area Network)?

A

It connects computers that are far apart.

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25
Q

What are the characteristics of a VAN (Value-Added Network)?

A
  • Privately-owned Network
  • Serves as 3rd Party Between 2 Companies
  • Routes EDI Transactions
  • Accepts wide range of Protocols
  • Very Costly
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26
Q

What is the purpose of a Firewall?

A

Prevents unauthorized access to a network.

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27
Q

What are the characteristics of a virus?

A
  • Takes over a computer
  • Needs a host program to run
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28
Q

What are the characteristics of a computer worm?

A
  • Takes over multiple computers
  • Doesn’t need a host program to run
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29
Q

What is the purpose of Automated Equipment Controls?

A

They prevent and detect hardware errors.

30
Q

What is RAM?

A
  • Random Access Memory.
  • Internal memory in the computer used during immediate processing.
31
Q

What is a CPU?

A
  • Computer Processing Unit
  • It processes commands within a computer.
32
Q

What is Job Control Language?

A

It schedules and allocates system resources.

33
Q

What are examples of input devices?

A
  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Scanner
  • Magnetic Ink Reader
  • Magnetic Tape Reader
  • EDI
  • Point of Sale Scanner
34
Q

What are examples of Output Devices?

A
  • Speakers
  • Monitors
  • Printers
35
Q

What are the characteristics of Magnetic Tape storage?

A
  • Sequential Access - Sorts data in order
  • Slower data retrieval
  • Header Label prevents Operator error by loading wrong tape
  • External Labels prevent accidental destruction by operator
36
Q

What are the characteristics of Magnetic Disks?

A
  • Random Access - Finds data in random spots
  • Faster data retrieval
  • Uses Boundary Protection for data
37
Q

What is a Gateway?

A

Connects one network to another

Note: the Internet is connected by Gateways

38
Q

What are Parity Checks?

A

A control that detects internal data errors.

A bit is added to each character- it checks to see if a bit was lost.

39
Q

What is an Echo Check?

A

Transmitted data is returned to the sender for verification (it echoes back to the sender)

40
Q

What is a Change Control?

A

It authorizes program changes

and approves program test results.

41
Q

What is security software?

A

Software that controls access to IT systems.

Note: Don’t confuse this with anti-virus software

42
Q

What is the purpose of a Digital Signature?

A

It confirms a message has not been altered.

43
Q

List the types of computers from smallest to largest

A
  • PDA/Smartphone/Tablet
  • Microcomputer - PC- Laptop (cost-effective)
  • Minicomputer - Like a Mainframe- but smaller
  • Mainframe - Large computer with terminals attached
  • Supercomputer - Very powerful and very big
44
Q

What are the units of computer data

from smallest to largest?

A
  • Bit - 1 (on) and 0 (off)
  • Byte - 8 bits to a byte/character
  • Field - group of related bytes (Ex: Name, Zip Code, Serial #)
  • Record - Group of related fields (MemberName, address, #)
  • File - Group of related records (i.e. Membership directory)
45
Q

What is the duty of a design engineer?

A

Determine language used for a specific computer

on a computer-to-computer basis

46
Q

What are object programs?

A

Programs written in base computer language

not similar to English

47
Q

How can source programs be recognized?

A

They are written in a language close to English.

48
Q

What is the purpose of a Compiler?

A

Takes Source language (English)

and converts to Object (Computer) Language

49
Q

How does Online Analytical Processing work?

A

It uses a Data Warehouse

to support management decision making.

50
Q

What is Data Mining?

A

Using AI and pattern recognition

to analyze data stores within a Data Warehouse.

51
Q

What is the purpose of online transaction processing?

A

To process a company’s routine transactions.

52
Q

What are the characteristics of batch processing?

A
  • Data held- updates multiple files all at once
  • Leaves a better audit trail
  • Uses Grandfather-Father-Son backup (3 levels of backup kept in 3 locations)
53
Q

What does an output control check for?

A

Checks to see if output data is valid

distributed and used in an authorized manner.

54
Q

What does a processing control check?

A

Checks if data processing produced proper output

55
Q

What is a hash total?

A

An input control number, a meaningless sum of values included in the input.

Ex: summing a list of SSNs to make sure the data is the same once entered as it was prior to input into the system.

56
Q

What is a validity check?

A

Checks to see if data in existing tables or files belongs in the set

Ex: Is there a # in an alpha-only field or a letter in a numeric-only field

57
Q

What is a limit check?

A

Checks to see if numbers surpass a certain limit

i.e. Age field is the number greater than 110 yrs old

58
Q

What is a check digit?

A

An input control that adds an ID number to a set of digits usually at the end

59
Q

What is a field check?

A

An input check that prevents invalid characters

i.e. checks for alphabetic letters in a SSN field

60
Q

What is a Hot Site?

A

A disaster recovery system

If the main system goes down, a Hot Site is ready to take over immediately.

61
Q

What is a Cold Site?

A

If a main system goes down, a Cold Site will take time to get set up and running.

62
Q

What is the most common database language?

A

SQL - Structured Query Language

63
Q

What is a Data Definition Language?

A
  • Defines SQL Database
  • Controls SQL Tables
64
Q

What is a Data Manipulation Language?

A

Queries SQL Database tables

65
Q

What is a Data Control Language?

A

Controls Access to SQL Database

66
Q

What are the characteristics of a

Relational Database?

A
  • Logical structure
  • Uses rows and columns similar to spreadsheet
67
Q

What are the characteristics of

a Hierarchical Database?

A
  • Has various levels
  • Uses trees to store data
68
Q

What are the advantages of a database?

A
  • Data is more accessible
  • Reduced redundancy
69
Q

What are the disadvantages of a database?

A
  • Cost of installation
  • Skilled personnel required to maintain
70
Q

What are the components of a database?

A
  • Desktop client
  • Application Server
  • Database Server

Your desktop runs applications and saves to a database

BEC (9 decks)

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