Information Technology Flashcards
Information system
processes data and transactions to provide users with the information they need to plan, control and operate and organization, including:
a. collecting transaction and other data
b. entering it into the information system
c. processing the data
d. providing users with the information needed
e. controlling the process
Office automation systems
improve productivity by supporting daily work of employees (word processing, spreadsheets, etc)
Transaction processing systems
involve the daily processing transactions (airplane reservations, payroll recording, cash receipts)
Management reporting systems
designed to help with the decision making process by providing access to computer data
Management information systems
designed to provide past, present and future information for planning, organizing and controlling the operations of the organization
Decision support systems
computer-based information systems that combine models and data to resolve nonstructured problems with the extensive user involvement
Expert systems
apply reasoning methods to data in a specific relatively structured area to render advice or recommendations
Executive information systems
specifically designed to support executive work
Systems Development Lifecycle
a. planning phase (identify what the system is supposed to do)
b. analysis phase (understand the requirements of the system)
c. design phase (build a technical blueprint of how the system will work)
d. development phase
e. testing phase (unit testing, system testing, integration testing, user acceptance testing)
f. implementation phase (parallel, plunge, pilot, phased)
g. maintenance phase
RAID
redundant array of independent disks (a way of storing the same data redundantly on multiple magnetic disks)
Compiler
produces a machine language object program from a source program language
multiprocessing
simultaneous execution of two or more tasks, usually by two or more CPUs that are part of the same system
multitasking
simultaneous processing of several jobs on a computer
object program
converted source program that was changed using a compiler to create a set of machine readable instructions that the CPU understands.
source program
a program written in a language from which statements are translated into machine language; computer programming has developed in “generations’
