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Computer Science > Information Systems and Organisations > Flashcards

Information Systems and Organisations Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a system?

A

A system is a collection of parts or components, organized for a purpose, with a structure and interactions flowing between each part.

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2
Q

What differentiates a system from a random collection of components?

A

Systems are not a random collection; they are useful, appear to belong together, and seem coherent.

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3
Q

What is an open system?

A

An open system exchanges inputs and outputs with its environment.

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4
Q

What is a closed system?

A

A closed system does not exchange any inputs or outputs but only interacts within itself.

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5
Q

Give an example of a closed system.

A

A central heating system is an example of a closed system.

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6
Q

Give an example of an open system.

A

A stock control system is an example of an open system.

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7
Q

What are sub-systems?

A

Sub-systems are components within a system that can be classified as systems themselves.

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8
Q

What is data?

A

Data is a record of an event or a fact.

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9
Q

What happens when data is processed?

A

Processing data creates information, which can be used to inform decisions.

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10
Q

What are examples of processing data?

A

Examples include classifying, categorizing, rearranging, sorting, summarizing, aggregating, calculating, and selecting data.

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11
Q

What is information?

A

Information is data processed for a specific purpose.

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12
Q

What is an information system?

A

An information system is a system that uses information to support decision-making.

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13
Q

What are the three managerial levels and their uses?

A

Executive (strategic planning), Middle (managerial control), Supervisory (operational control).

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14
Q

How do executives use information?

A

Executives use information for long-term, summarised, uncertain, and infrequent cases.

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15
Q

How do supervisors use information?

A

Supervisors use information for short-term, complex, certain, and frequent queries.

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16
Q

What is an example of operational control?

A

Restocking by checking product IDs, current stock, and reorder amount.

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17
Q

What is an example of middle management?

A

Allocating budgets using total funding, predicted resource requirements, previous budgets, and predicted income.

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18
Q

What is strategic planning, and how is it used by executives?

A

Strategic planning helps executives make long-term decisions, like introducing a new product, by analysing products, competitors, market data, costs, and revenue predictions.

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19
Q

How does supervisory management handle day-to-day tasks?

A

Supervisory management uses transaction processing to deal with daily tasks.

20
Q

What are Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)?

A

TPS are information systems used at the supervisory level to support day-to-day business activities with a rule-based, low decision-making routine.

21
Q

Give examples of tasks handled by Transaction Processing Systems.

A

Examples include calculating order totals, income tax, and scheduling after-sales services.

22
Q

What is a business process?

A

A business process consists of one or more activities performed in a specific order, often part of a larger business goal.

23
Q

What is a transaction in business processes?

A

A transaction involves multiple parties, like a seller and supplier, performing activities.

24
Q

Which tasks are more likely to be automated?

A

Tasks that are clear and concise are more likely to be automated.

25
Q

What is a Management Information System (MIS)?

A

An MIS takes information from Transaction Processing Systems to produce summaries and statistics, and it may also incorporate external data.

26
Q

How are reports generated in a Management Information System?

A

MIS can generate reports on a regular schedule, on demand, or based on exceptions.

27
Q

What additional features do Management Information Systems offer?

A

MIS can produce graphical representations, such as graphs, of information.

28
Q

What systems are used at the executive level for decision support?

A

Decision Support Systems (DSS) are used at the executive level.

29
Q

What is a Decision Support System (DSS)?

A

A DSS is an interactive system that helps managers make unstructured decisions using data, trends, models, simulations, and “what if” questions.

30
Q

What purpose does a Decision Support System serve?

A

It provides special reports and analysis and is used to map future business directions based on predictive models.

31
Q

What are Expert Systems?

A

Expert systems mimic human decision-making and expertise in a specific field using AI and machine learning.

32
Q

What are the main phases in the lifecycle of a system?

A

System analysis, system design, implementation, validation, and maintenance.

33
Q

What is the purpose of system analysis?

A

To understand and define what the system must do.

34
Q

What happens during the system design phase?

A

Physically design the system conceptually, using text, drawings, and diagrams.

35
Q

What happens during implementation?

A

Programming and manual writing begin.

36
Q

What is validation in the system lifecycle?

A

Bug testing (and stress testing if needed) to ensure functionality.

37
Q

Why is maintenance important?

A

To repair or improve the system as necessary.

38
Q

What are system requirements?

A

Functions or qualities the system must have.

39
Q

Define functional and non-functional requirements.

A

Functional: what the system must do. Non-functional: how it must perform, including usability, performance, and security.

40
Q

What are the steps to establish requirements in system analysis?

A

Gather, analyse, specify, and validate requirements.

41
Q

Who are requirements shared with?

A

Both the client and the development team.

42
Q

What role does an analyst play in system development?

A

Communicates with users and businesses, translating requirements into the system.

43
Q

What is a ‘statement of scope’?

A

A summary of the primary purpose, function, or role of the system.

44
Q

What is a use case?

A

A description of how a primary actor (user/stakeholder) interacts with the system to achieve a goal.

45
Q

What is the difference between casual and fully dressed use cases?

A

Fully dressed use cases include additional details like stakeholders, triggers, preconditions, and guarantees.

Computer Science (4 decks)

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