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ISC > Information Systems and Data Management > Flashcards

Information Systems and Data Management Flashcards

1
Q

What is in the IT Infrastructure

A

Operating systems
Servers
Network Infrastructure
End-user devices

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2
Q

Operating Systems (OS)

A

A software that manages computer
hardware and provides services for computer programs. It
acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and
the computer user, making it possible for software applications to function.

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3
Q

Examples of Operating Systems (OS)

A

● Windows 10
● macOS Big Sur
● Linux distributions such as Ubuntu
● Mobile OSs like Android and iOS

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4
Q

Servers

A

Are computers designed to process requests and deliver data to another computer over the internet or a local network. They’re the backbone of any IT infrastructure, providing centralized data storage, processing, and management.

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5
Q

Examples of Servers

A

● Web Servers: Host websites. E.g., Apache or Nginx.
● Database Servers: Store and manage databases. E.g.,
MySQL, PostgreSQL.
● File Servers: Store and manage files within a network.
E.g., Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices.
● Mail Servers: Manage and store emails. E.g., Microsoft
Exchange.

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6
Q

Network Infrastructure

A

Consists of the hardware and software
components used to connect computers and devices to communicate and share resources. It ensures the integrity and security of data transmission.

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7
Q

Examples of Network Infrastructure

A

Switches: Devices that connect devices within a network, operating at the data link layer. E.g., Cisco Catalyst switches.
● Routers: Devices that connect different networks together, directing data traffic. E.g., Netgear routers.
● Firewalls: Devices or software that monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic, establishing a barrier between a trusted and an untrusted network. E.g., Fortinet firewalls.
● Wireless Access Points: Devices that allow wireless devices to connect to the wired network. E.g., Ubiquiti UniFi APs.

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8
Q

End-user Devices

A

Are the devices that end-users employ to access, input, and interact with data. They’re the primary interface between users and the IT infrastructure.

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9
Q

Examples of End-user Devices

A

● Desktops: Workstation computers like the Dell OptiPlex series.
● Laptops: Portable computers like Apple’s MacBook Pro or Lenovo’s ThinkPad.
● Tablets: Touchscreen devices such as the Apple iPad or Samsung Galaxy Tab.
● Smartphones: Mobile phones with advanced capabilities like the iPhone or Google Pixel.
● Thin clients: Lightweight computers that rely on a server for the heavy lifting, often used in centralized IT environments.

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10
Q

Cloud Computing

A

Refers to the on-demand delivery of computing resources over the internet, often on a pay-as-you-go basis. Instead of owning and maintaining physical servers, businesses
can rent access to a range of services from a cloud service provider. This can lead to cost savings, increased scalability, and flexibility.

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11
Q

List the Cloud Computing Models

A

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS)

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12
Q

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

A

Provides users with virtualized computing
resources over the internet. IaaS is like renting space on a physical server or renting that server itself. Users get the raw infrastructure and have to manage the OS, applications, and data.

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13
Q

Examples of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

A

● Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)
● Google Compute Engine
● Microsoft Azure VMs

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14
Q

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

A

Provides users with a platform and environment to directly develop, run, and manage applications without dealing with the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure.

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15
Q

Examples of Platform as a Service (PaaS)

A

● Google App Engine
● Microsoft Azure App Service
● Heroku

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16
Q

Software as a Service (SaaS)

A

Delivers software applications over the internet, on-demand, and typically on a subscription basis. Users access the software through a web browser.

17
Q

Examples of Software as a Service (SaaS)

A

● Google Workspace (formerly G Suite)
● Microsoft 365
● Salesforce
● Dropbox

18
Q

Deployment Models

A

Public Cloud
Private Cloud
Hybrid Cloud

19
Q

Public Cloud

A

Owned and managed by third-party cloud
service providers, which deliver computing resources such as servers and storage over the internet. Multiple users or tenants share the same infrastructure pool.

20
Q

Benefits of a Public Cloud

A

Economies of scale
reduced costs
easy scalability

21
Q

Examples of a Public Cloud

A

Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Google
Cloud Platform (GCP)
Microsoft Azure.

22
Q

Private Cloud

A

Used exclusively by a single organization.
It can be hosted on-premises or by a third party, but the infrastructure is not shared.

23
Q

Benefits of a Private Cloud

A

Greater control and security
data sovereignty
customization

24
Q

Examples of a Private Cloud

A

VMware vCloud
OpenStack.

25
Q

Hybrid Cloud

A

Combines public and private clouds,
allowing data and applications to be shared between them. Organizations can move workloads as needs and costs change, harnessing greater flexibility and more
deployment options.

26
Q

Benefits of a Hybrid Cloud

A

Flexibility
scalability
security
cost-efficiency

27
Q

Examples of a Hybrid Cloud

A

Using AWS and on-premises data centers
together, or Azure with a private cloud setup.

28
Q

What is the availability formula?

A

(Agreed Service Time- Downtime/Agreed Service Time) x 100

29
Q

What are the backup types?

A

Full Backup
Incremental Backup
Differential Backup

30
Q

Steps to Detect Deficiencies

A
  1. Review Documentation
  2. Conduct Interviews
  3. Test Controls
  4. Monitor System Performance Metrics
  5. Examine Incident Logs
  6. Compare Against Benchmarks
31
Q

What is the role of Cloud Service Providers? (CSPs)

A

CSPs offer cloud computing services that allow businesses to access and use computing resources over the internet on a pay-as-you-go or subscription basis.

32
Q

What are the key responsibilities of CSPs?
Remember IPSSSSTII “I Put So So So So Much Transparency In Integration”

A

Infrastructure Maintenance
Platform & Software Updates
Security & Compliance
Service Availability & Reliability
Scalability & Performance Optimization
Support & Customer Service
Transparent Billing & Cost Management
Integration & Compatibility
Innovation & Feature Development

33
Q

What is COSO Internal Control - Integrated Framework (ICIF)?

A

The ICIF emphasizes effective internal controls within an organization. With the shift towards cloud computing, businesses need to ensure that their internal controls extend to the cloud environment.

34
Q

How does COSO Internal Control-Integrated Framework apply? (ICIF)

A
  1. Control Environment: This relates to the organization’s stance on governance and risk management.
  2. Risk Assessment: Cloud computing introduces new risks, like potential data breaches or loss of data.
  3. Control Activities: With cloud computing, control activities could involve ensuring the proper configuration of cloud services.
  4. Information & Communication: Communication is vital when using cloud services.
  5. Monitoring: Organizations must continuously monitor cloud services to ensure they adhere to the set internal controls.
35
Q

What is the COSO Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Framework?

A

The ERM framework deals more with identifying and responding to risks in a strategic context.

In terms of cloud computing:
1. Governance and Culture
2. Strategy and Objective-Setting
3. Performance
4. Review and Revision
5. Information, Communication, and Reporting.

36
Q

Sections in Availability

A
  1. Business Reiliency, Distaster Recovery ,Business Continuity Plan
  2. Objective of mirroring & Replication
  3. Steps in a business impact analysis
  4. Measures of sytems availabilty
  5. Appropiatness of organizations data backup
  6. Detecting deficencies in controls related to availability using the TSC
37
Q

Business Resiliency

A

Strategies to ensure a organization can continue operations during & after a disruptive event

Purpose- Make possible to rebound quickly or continue operations during challenges.

Sets up measures to be proactive, reactive, and adaptive

ISC (3 decks)

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