Information Systems Flashcards
General Types of Information Systems:
1.Manual (paper and pencil) Information Systems
2.Informal (word to mouth) Information Systems
3.Formal (written procedures) Information Systems
4.Computer based Information Systems (CBIS)
What is Information System?
An Information System is an organized combination of people, hardware, software, communication networks and the data resources that collects, transforms and spread information in a organization
Components of IS
People
Computer System - Hardware and Software
Data
Network
What do you need to understand IS?
Using information systems effectively requires an understanding of the
organization, management, and information technology
Functions of IS
Three activities of information systems produce information that organization
needs:
1. Input: Captures raw data from organization or external environment
2. Processing: Converts raw data into meaningful form
3. Output: Transfers processed information to people or activities that
use it
4. Feedback: Output returned to appropriate members of organization to help evaluate or correct input stage
Computer/Computer program vs. Information system
Computers and software are technical foundation and tools, similar to the material and tools used to build a house
Types of Information Systems
An organization consists of many people with different interests, specialties, and levels.
There is no such single information system.
An organization should have different info systems for different interests, specialties, and levels.
Classification of IS
1.Operations Support System
–Transaction Processing Systems
2.Management Support System
—Management Information Systems
—Decision Support Systems
—Execlutive Information Systems
Types of Information Systems on 3 lvls
1.Operational-level systems: support operational managers, keeping track of the elementary activities and transactions
• Day-to-day decisions
• Structured decisions
2.Management-level systems: serve the monitoring, controlling, decision making, and administrative activities
• Decisions covering weeks and months
• Semi-structured decisions
3.Strategic-level systems: help senior management tackle and address strategic issues
• Long-term decisions
• Unstructured decisions
Four Major Types of Information Systems
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Decision-Support Systems (DSS)
Executive Support Systems (ESS)
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
–Basic business systems that serve the operational level
A computerized system that performs and records the daily routine
transactions necessary to the conduct of the business
–A transaction is an event that can occur as a series of steps, such as
taking and fulfilling an order from a customer
Examples:
ATM Machine System – Banking Transactions
Cash Register System – Point of Sale Transactions
Accounting System – Checking Account Transactions
A Payroll TPS
A TPS for payroll processing captures employee payment transaction data (such as a time card).
-System outputs include online and hard-copy reports for management and employee paychecks.
Management Information Systems
–Serve middle management
–Provide reports on firm’s current performance, based on data from TPS
–Provide answers to routine questions with predefined procedure for answering them
–Typically have little analytic capability
–Management information systems is a specific category of information systems for middle management
How Management Information Systems Obtain
Their Data from the Organization’s TPS
Three TPSs supply summarized transaction data to the MIS reporting system at the end of the time period.
MIS receive data and create outputs that management can use to make strategic decision
Managers gain access to the organizational data through the MIS, which provides them with the appropriate reports.
Decision Support Systems
–Serve middle management
–Support non-routine decision making
–Often use external information as well from TPS and MIS
–DSS can rely on either analytical models or large databases to provide
valuable information
Serve middle management
May use external information as well TPS / MIS data
Types of DDS (Decision Support Systems)
1.Model-driven
DSS is complex systems that help decision maker to
analyze or choose between different options. They use algebraic,
decision analytic, simulation, and optimization models to provide
decision support.
2.Data-driven DSS
emphasize on data collection and their manipulation
for particular decision maker needs satisfying. They include a database
designed to store data in such a way as to allow for its querying and
analysis by users.
3.Communication-driven DSS
enhances decision-making by network
and Internet technologies to provide environment for group decision
making.
4; Document-driven DSS
uses a variety of documents such as electronics spreadsheet documents and database record for information processing and strategies defining.
5.Knowledge-driven DSS
use specific rules coded in computerized expert systems to support the decision maker.
