Information Concepts Flashcards
can be defined as meaningfully interpreted data
Information
Information is________
interpreted data
(from organized, structured, and processed data in a particular context)
Collection of objects, procedures, or techniques that interact in a regulated manner to form an organized whole
System
Systems may be composed of smaller assemblages of parts known as
subsystems
a system that gathers data and disseminates information with the sole purpose of providing information to its users
Information System
Capabilities of Information System
Input
Processing
Output
Feedback
systems that consist of people, procedures, and data
Manual systems
systems that consist of hardware, software, data, people and process
Computer-Based Information System
Information Hierarchy
Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom
The raw material of information.
Data
Data organized and presented by someone.
Information
Information read, heard, or seen, and understood.
Knowledge
Distilled and integrated knowledge and understanding
Wisdom
fact or a piece of
information, or a series thereof.
Data
Knowledge discerned from data.
Information
technology-driven process for analyzing data and presenting actionable information to help executives, managers and other corporate end users make informed business decisions.
Business Intelligence
Information/Data Collection Techniques:
A questionnaire is prepared to collect the data from the
field
Surveys
Information/Data Collection Techniques:
Data is collected through old records, magazines, company website etc.
Secondary data sources/archival data:
Data is collected by the system analyst by following a rigid procedure and collecting the answers to a set of pre-conceived questions through personal interviews.
Interviews
Question Types
Open-ended
Closed
interview questions that allow interviewees to respond how they wish, and to what length they wish
Open-ended
questions that limit the number of possible responses
Close-ended
True or False:
Closed interview questions are appropriate for generating precise, reliable data that is easy to analyze
True
A special kind of close-ended questions that may be answered with a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ or ‘agree’ or ‘disagree’
Bipolar Questions
questions that elicit more detail about previous questions
Probes
Arranging Questions:
starting with closed questions and working toward open-ended questions
Pyramid
Arranging Questions:
starting with open-ended questions and working toward closed questions
Funnel
starting with closed, moving toward open-ended, and ending with closed questions
Diamond
The two different forms of measurement
scales are
Nominal
Interval
_____scales are used to classify things. Data may be totaled.
Nominal Scales
_______scale is used when the intervals are equal. There is no absolute zero.
Interval Scales
What are the main problems with the usage of Scales in data gathering?
Leniency
Central tendency
Halo effect
Caused by easy raters
Leniency
occurs when respondents rate
everything as average
Central Tendency
When the impression formed in one question carries into the next question
Halo Effect
Based on Anthony’s classification of Management, information used in business for decision-making is generally categorized into three types:
Strategic Information
Tactical Information
Operational Information
is concerned with long term policy decisions that defines the objectives of a business and checks how well these objectives are met
Strategic Information
is concerned with the information needed for exercising control over business resources, like budgeting, quality control, service level, inventory level, productivity level etc.
Tactical Information
is concerned with plant/business level information and is used to ensure proper conduction of specific operational tasks as planned/intended
Operational Information
