Information & Basics

Question 1

Define: Accurate

Answer 1

Data that’s correct and without any mistakes.

Question 2

Define: Correctly Targeted

Answer 2

The question should be aimed at the people

who are going to use it.

Question 3

Define: Understandable

Answer 3

The meaning of any information should be clear to

the user

Question 4

Define: Up-to-date

Answer 4

The information is current and date stamped.

Question 5

Define: Relevant

Answer 5

Data has to be related to the task you are trying to

investigate.

Question 6

Define: Complete

Answer 6

Has to include all the information

Question 7

Define: Data

Answer 7

Raw facts and figures.

Question 8

Define: Information

Answer 8

Data which has been processed and given context.

Question 9

Define: Knowledge

Answer 9

Derived from information by applying rules.

Question 10

Define: Target Resources

Answer 10

To gain a competitive advantage e.g. a company selling high performance cars pays for a list of owners from an insurance company rather than sending flyers to everyone.

Question 11

Define: Monitoring progress

Answer 11

To gain a competitive advantage. E.g. a supermarket records the speed of their checkout staff. If the staff members is too slow, then they’re offered training.

Question 12

Define: Spotting Trends

Answer 12

Looking at the data to see whether there’s a particular pattern. E.g. a super market might monitor the purchases, to see which product might be popular at certain time of the year.

Question 13

Define: Report

Answer 13

The output from a database in which the results are presented in a way that is controlled by the user. (formatted i.e. tables/graphs/grouping/statistical summary/results of searches)

Question 14

Define: Query

Answer 14

When you interrogate a database to find information

Question 15

Define: Import/Export

Answer 15

Transferring data/information from one piece of software/application to another

Question 16

Validation Types

Answer 16

Range Check
Length Check
Format Check
Data type check
Check Digit
Fixed Value
Presence Check

Question 17

Verification Types

Answer 17

Double entry – having to re-input your account number, email address or the password ‘when creating the account or changing a password’

Proof reading / Read before you submit – being asked to check what you have entered is correct before being allowed to move on, i.e. ordered the right amount of items

Question 18

Define: Verification

Answer 18

Verification is the checking that data has been copied accurately from one medium to another

Question 19

Define: Validation

Answer 19

Ensuring data is sensible and reasonable.

Question 20

Encoding: Advantages

Answer 20

Easier to validate.

Less hard drive space.

Question 21

Encoding: Disadvantages

Answer 21

Coarsening data.

Value judgement.

Question 22

Define: Simulation Modelling

Answer 22

The use of mathematical formulas to try and re-produce a real-life scenario/situation.

Question 23

Define: Template

Answer 23

A pre-defined layout which has some images and text, which saves time from having to create from scratch.

Question 24

Define: Animated Transition

Answer 24

This is when you give an entry effect (such as fading) when you move from one slide to another.

Question 25

Define: Hyperlink

Answer 25

These are objects/text which when clicked upon take you to another file, image, or a different part of your current presentation.

Question 26

Define: CAD - Zoom

Answer 26

Allows certain parts of the project to be enlarged, so you can see it in more detail

Question 27

Define: CAD - Hatching/Rendering

Answer 27

Allows different finishes to the project

Question 28

Define: CAD - Stress/Strain

Answer 28

Allows you to see whether there are any load problems and the stability of the project. It’s to see if it’s safe.

Question 29

Define: CAD - Walkthrough

Answer 29

A virtual reality tour inside of the project, to see what it’s like.

Question 30

Define: CAD - Wire Drawing

Answer 30

Outline of the design, which takes up less processing power.

Question 31

Define: Internet

Answer 31

Network of networks

Question 32

Define: Intranet

Answer 32

Private / closed internet / an internet inside an organisation

Question 33

Define: Mail Merge

Answer 33

Incorporating data automatically from a database into a personalised letter.

Question 34

Define: Macro

Answer 34

Pre-defined series of key strokes

Question 35

Computer Misuse Act

Answer 35

Level 1: Unauthorised access
Level 2: Unauthorised access with criminal intent.
Level 3: Unauthorised modification of data.

Question 36

Health Issues

Answer 36

Eye strain – From looking at the screen for too long or from it being wrongly adjusted.

RSI – Repetitive strain injury which can be caused by the use of non-ergonomic equipment, e.g. mouse, keyboard.

Stress – This can be caused by program/software crashing on a regular bases, causing you to lose work, or for it taking a long time to load.

Backache – Wrongly adjusted chair.

Question 37

Data Protection Act

Answer 37

Data must be processed fairly and lawfully.
Data must not be transferred outside EU, unless the country has a similar Data Protection Act.
Data must not be kept for longer than necessary.
Data must be accurate and up-to-date.
Data must be available to the individual, if requested.
Data must be adequate, relevant and not excessive.
Data must be kept secure.

Question 38

Cost of Information

Answer 38

Financial

• –Data Collection – Paying a company for their data research.
• –Data Entry – Cost of buying an OMR reader.
• –Data Processing – Any new equipment needed to process data.

Time

• –Data Collection – Time consuming to create a questionnaire.
• –Data Entry – The time it takes to enter the data accurately into the system can take a long time.

Human Resources

• –Data Collection – New staff employed go out and ask questions.
• –Data Entry – Hire new staff to enter data into a system.
• –Data Processing – Employing people to analyse the collected data.

Question 39

Factors affecting efficiency of ICT systems

Answer 39

Hardware – if the system has an old processor then it will be slow.

Communication – can the ICT system communicate with different devices? Is there enough communication between the developer and the end user?

Software - is it compatible with other software on the system?

Testing – was it tested well? Has it got bugs which cause the program to crash?

Abilities to the user – have all the users been trained thoroughly in the new system?

Poor communication with the user - has there been enough communication between the developer and the user?

Question 40

Advantages that ICT brings

Answer 40

Repetitive Processing – Carrying out the same task many times. E.g. performing a mail merge to 100 customers.

Speed of data communications – Messages can be sent across the world in seconds e.g. a live chat.

Accuracy – Calculation are carried out accurately without error. When error occurs it’s only because of human interaction. E.g. the checkout system doesn’t make mistakes.

Data storage capacity – Millions of records can be physically stored on a small disc. E.g. kindles can hold 1,000s of books.

Produce different outputs - Information can be produced in tables, graphs and charts easily. E.g. producing a colour coded map about unemployment in the south east.

Ease of updating data - Errors in data can be easily identifies and altered.

Searching and combining data – for example searching for a BMW which has a registration number starting with BN and ending with 0. This wouldn’t be a possibility with a manual method.

Question 41

Loyalty Card

Answer 41

Identifies the card holder as a member in a loyalty program.

Question 42

Loyalty Card: Advantages

Answer 42

Allows the supermarket to find the shopping habits of customers and then allows them to target special offers.

Keeps the customers coming back to the shop

Allows customers to collect points from using the supermarket

Gives the shop better statistics on trends.

Improves planning as allows you to see what customers are buying and where they come from which helps decides location of new stores.

Can sell the data on.

Question 43

Advantages of Networking

Answer 43

Remote management e.g. fix some hardware software problems remotely, e.g. clear printer queues. (a good answer could gain three marks for three distinct points)

User management/monitoring e.g. Better monitoring (in real-time) of what all staff are using their
systems for.

Central auditing of transactions e.g. Auditing software keeps a record of who has logged on, when, how long, what programs and data were used and what was amended / being able to centrally audit all transactions simply.

Central backup e.g. Easier to backup data by being able to do it from one central location.

Central software installation e.g. Easier and quicker to install software as it can be done centrally
and then shared out to all stations without physically going to each one.

Greater security by having one program controlling all computer access.

Central pool of data/documents e.g. All staff can access data from a central pool of data.

Collaborative working e.g. Staff can work jointly on the same document at the same time.

Question 44

Internet

Answer 44

The network of networks.

Question 45

Frame

Answer 45

A Frame is a section of a web page in which semi-independent activities can take place

Question 46

Advantage of HTML

Answer 46

—Can place graphics more accurately

—Can have more control over the layout / allows better customisation

—Likely to take up less memory / less demanding on the system

—Loads faster than using a template

—Compatibility - enables to be displayed on a number of different platforms

Question 47

CAM Advantages

Answer 47

—Can be more accurate than hand-drawn designs - it reduces human error

—You can edit ideas, which makes it easier and cheaper to modify your design as you go along

—Design can be sent electronically elsewhere instantly

—A section of a design can be copied and pasted many times

—Can be zoomed in for more detailed sections

—Others could refer to hatching, walkthrough, etc

—No physical prototype so no wastage

Question 48

CAM Disadvantages

Answer 48

—The software itself can be expensive so initial costs are high.

—Staff need to be trained how to use the software, which also adds to costs.

—Requires a powerful PC.