***Information and Intelligence*** Flashcards
What is police information?
All the information collected and recorded for a policing purpose
What does CHIS stand for?
Covert Human Intelligence Source
Where can the police get information from?
Social networking sites
PNC
PND
Specialist departments
Directly/indirectly obtained information
Partner agencies
H2H
Force policy
CPS guidelines
What methods can be used to trace witnesses?
At/near the scene
Returning to the scene
Road checks
Crimestoppers
Crimewatch UK
Witness boards
Social media campaigns
What tools can officers use to trace suspects from witness information?
PNC
Method index
Local intelligence units
Observations
Circulations
What is intelligence?
Collected information that has been developed for action & may also be classified as confidential or sensitive
How many levels does the NIM have?
3
What is Level 1 of the NIM
Local Intelligence Units
What is level 2 of the NIM?
Force Intelligence Bureaus
What is level 3 of the NIM?
National Crime Agency
What 5 things make up ‘for a policing purpose’ when it comes to gathering and retaining information?
1) PROTECTING life and property
2) PRESERVING order
3) PREVENTING the commission of crime
4) Bringing offenders to justice
5) Any duty or responsibility arising from common or
stature law
What does LIO stand for?
Local Intelligence Officer
What does SPOC stand for?
Single Point of Contact
What does FIO stand for?
Field Intelligence Officer
What are the 5 stages to the intelligence cycle?
Direction
Collection
Evaluation
Analysis
Dissemination
“We direct people to collect information and then we evaluate it. We then analyse it before we disseminate it”
What is the CPIA 1996?
The Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996
What is the DPA 2018?
Data Protection Act 2018
What is the GDPR?
General Data Protection Regulation
What is the HRA 1998?
Human Rights Act 1998
What is the FoIA 2000?
Freedom of Information Act 2000
What is RIPA 2000
Regulatory of Investigatory Powers Act 2000
What is IPA 2016?
Investigatory Powers Act 2016
What intelligence would be classed as HIGH when submitting it to NICHE?
THREAT TO LIFE, SERIOUS HARM, IMMINENT RISK or OPPORTUNITY to a child, adult or property
What intelligence would be classed as MEDIUM when submitting it to NICHE?
Time critical
What intelligence would be classed as LOW when submitting it to NICHE?
All other intelligence other than medium and high
What system is used to evaluate raw information?
3x5x2 system
What is the first part of the 3x5x2 system?
- Reliable
- Untested
- Unreliable
What is the second part of the 3x5x2 system?
A. Known directly to the source
B. Known indirectly to the source but corroborated
C. Known indirectly to the source
D. Not known by the source
E. Suspected to be false
What is the last part of the 3x5x2 system?
P. Lawful sharing permitted
C. Lawful sharing permitted with conditions
When information is assessed (usually by the FIO or LIO) and its source removed, what is this process called?
Sanitisation
Provenance refers to the ability to determine the reliability and credibility of the information source and the value of the content of the information. Why is it important to determine this?
Provenance allows the source of intelligence to be
protected in order to avoid any unnecessary risks to
them
What are the three government security classifications?
- Official
- Secret
- Top secret
What two things are important when it comes to the physical storage of information?
- The medium which the info is stored must be DURABLE
- The information must be ACCESSIBLE
What are the four groups of information?
- Certain public protection matters
- Other sexual, violent or serious offences
- All other offences
- Miscellaneous
What is the APP?
Authorised Professional Practise
What are some sources of information?
Open/closed sources
PNC
PND
Other forces
CHIS
Social Media
Community Intelligence
What are 3 useful features of the PND?
- Allows police forces to gather data from other police
forces - Updated in ‘near real time’
- Information from the 3x5x2 system can be entered onto
it
What are the benefits of the PND?
- Identify new lines of enquiry
- Identify new patterns in crime
- Remove current artificial borders
- Makes better risk assessment
- Uncover bad character evidence
What 4 areas can you search for on PND?
P = People
O = Objects
L = Location
E = Events
What are some advantages to information sharing?
- Increased openness with partner agencies
- Allows police + partner agencies to make more reformed
decisions - Formalised processes increase confidence of individual
officers & staff to lawfully share information
Before information can be shared, there must be at least one of the following three powers in play:
Statutory Power
Statutory Obligation
Common Law
What does the term ISA stand for?
Information Sharing Agreement
What is the purpose of an ISA?
To formalise arrangements between organisations which need to share information on a regular basis
Under what situations can you share information?
Emergency Situations
Routine
Ad-hoc
