Informal Fallacies

Question 1

Appeal to Ignorance

Answer 1

We don’t know that p is true, so p is false.

We don’t know that q is false , so q is true.

Question 2

Appeal to illegitimate Authority

Answer 2

An argument commits appeal to illegitimate of authority if it appeals to someone or something as an authority on a subject who is not authority on the subject.

Question 3

Argument against the person.

Personal attack.

Answer 3

An argument against a person replies to to argument by attacking the credibility of the person of arguer rather than the argument pretended.

Question 4

Abusive

Answer 4

An abusive argument against the person replies to argument by attacking the arguer’s character rather than argument presented.

Question 5

Circumstantial

Answer 5

A circumstantial argument against the person appeals to some circumstances in which the arguer finds finds himself or herself as reason to discredit the argument .

Question 6

tu qouque (you to)

Answer 6

A tu qouque focuses on inconsistencies between an argument and the arguer actions.

Question 7

Appeal to pity

Answer 7

The fallacy of appeal to pity takes an emotional response to an unfortunate situation as a reason to believe or act in a certain way.

Question 8

Appeal to Force

Answer 8

An argument commits the fallacy of appeal to force if it includes an implicit but unwarranted threat.

Question 9

Irrelevant Conclusion

Answer 9

An argument commits of irrelevant conclusion when it draws a conclusion that is not suggested by the premises.

Question 10

Red herring

Answer 10

A reply to argument that diverts attention from the issue.

Question 11

Straw person

Answer 11

A reply to an argument that attacks an allegedly unstated premises or distorts the conclusion and attacks the distorted version of the conclusion .