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Surgery > Info for Final > Flashcards

Info for Final Flashcards

1
Q

How many throws make up a single square knot

A

2 throws

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2
Q

The main benefit of a surgeon’s knot is that it is able to?

A

resist tension

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3
Q

T/F: the surgeon’s knot is more secure than a regular square knot

A

FALSE–not more secure, just better at managing tension

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4
Q

concerning surgical masks, in which direction do the pleats face on the inside?

A

upward

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5
Q

Name 2 surgical scrub products for hand cleaning

A

2-4% chlorhexidine

Povidone-iodine (7.5%)

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6
Q

Impact of surgical glove degree of puncture resistance

A

the more resistance it has, the lower tactile sensitivity will be

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7
Q

Exposure time and temperature for:

1) gravity displacement sterilizer
2) prevacuum sterilizer
3) flash sterilization

A

1) 15mins @ 121-123C
2) 4mins @ 132-133C
3) 3-10mins @ 132*C

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8
Q

Which form of steam sterilization allows better steam penetration into packaged materials and less variation based on size

A

pre-vacuum sterilizer

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9
Q

What type of sterilization is used for glassware and moisture-sensitive items?

A

dry heat sterilization

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10
Q

T/F: Indicator tape can guarantee the sterility of internal items

A

False–only confirms exposure to appropriate temperatures

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11
Q

Choose your surgical instrument based on the composition of the ____

A

jaws

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12
Q

2 things that are corrosive to surgical instruments

A

blood & saline

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13
Q

Which are more traumatic:

1) instruments with fine teeth
2) instruments with serrations

A

instruments with serrations

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14
Q

Utility (operating) scissors are to be used on ___

A

inanimate objects (i.e. suture)

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15
Q

Advantage of:

1) curved scissor tips
2) straight scissor tips

A

1) greater maneuverability & visibility

2) greater mechanical advantage (for dense tissue)

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16
Q

Blades that you can use on:

1) #3 scalpel handle
2) #4 scalpel handle

A

1) 10,11,12,15

2) 20-25

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17
Q

Which type of cut allows for precise depth, length, and direction control

A

Slide cut

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18
Q

What type of cut is used to enter a body cavity or fluid-filled chambers

A

press cut (stab incision)

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19
Q

What type of incisions is the pencil grip used for?

A

short, precise incisions

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20
Q

Palmed grip (scalpel) should only be used when what is needed?

A

great pressure

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21
Q

Use of hemostatic forceps?

A

temporary hemostasis to facilitate ligation or cauterization

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22
Q

The 3 heuristics used in surgery

A

cognitive
perceptual
motor

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23
Q

the disorders associated with brachycephalic airway syndrome

A

stenotic nares
everted laryngeal saccules
elongated soft palate
laryngeal collapse

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24
Q

two common types of mucoceles

A

sublingual salivary

biliary

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25
Q

a high level disinfectant

A

2% glutaraldehyde

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26
Q

Which needle point is best for friable, parenchymal tissues?

A

blunt

27
Q

The rate at which suture loses strength should be equal to what?

A

the rate at which the tissue it’s in gain strength

28
Q

Mono vs. multifilament: which offers better handling characteristics?

A

multifilament

29
Q

How is surgical gut/collagen-based suture material degraded?

A

enzymatic action of proteases and collagenases (enzymatic proteolysis)

30
Q

Synthetic absorbable sutures are broken down via? What is the targeted area?

A

hydrolysis; targets ester-linkage

31
Q

An acidic environment can accelerate the absorption of?

A

Polydioxanone (PDS II)

32
Q

alkaline environment can impact absorption of? (3)

A

1) polyglyconate (Maxon)
2) poliglecaprone 25 (Monocryl)
3) glycomer 631 (Biosyn)

33
Q

Two things impacted by adding a coating to suture material

A

absorption rate

tissue passage characteristics

34
Q

Which type of suture material poses the greatest risk for chronic infection

A

multifilament, non-absorbable

35
Q

The three stages of healing

A

inflammatory
repair
maturation

36
Q

hallmark sign of the proliferation stage of healing

A

invasion of fibroblasts into the wound

37
Q

Before healing begins, wound strength is determined by?

A

suture strength

38
Q

____% of final wound strength is gained in the first _____ days

A

20% gained in first 21 days

39
Q

T/F: most wounds NEVER return to original strength

A

True! (usually reach about 70-80%)

40
Q

5 local wound factors that can impact healing

A 
wound perfusion
tissue viability
presence of infection
fluid accumulation
mechanical forces
41
Q

Holding/strength layer for GI tract

A

submucosa

42
Q

how do cat wounds compare to dogs’ by 7 days? why?

A

have 1/2 as much strength; they have decreased cutaneous perfusion

43
Q

% of strength gained by:

1) 14 days
2) 30 days
3) several months

A

1) 5-10%
2) 25%
3) 75-80%

44
Q

4 factors that can impact wound closure

A

tension
motion
potential for self trauma
patient status (health)

45
Q

the iceburg principle of puncture wounds is more true with _____ energy projectiles

A

high energy

46
Q

Which type of skin flap allows for the greatest amount of coverage and why?

A

axial pattern flap; you are taking blood supply with the flap

47
Q

A fresh tissue graft requires what?

A

a healthy bed of granulation tissue

48
Q

Amount of pressure placed on the scalpel during a cut controls ____& _____ of the incision

A

shape & depth

49
Q

2 advantages of tissue undermining

A

increases visualization

eases tension along incision to make wound closure easier

50
Q

Blood volume:

1) dog
2) cat

A

1) 90ml/kg

2) 70ml/kg

51
Q

best type of suture for ligation

A

small (4/0), absorbable, monofilament

52
Q

T/F: hemostatic sponges can be used to facilitate clotting in patients with coagulation disorders

A

FALSE!!

sponges only provide scaffolding, don’t enhance

53
Q

The amount of heat produce during electrosurgery is directly proportional to?

A

tissue resistance

doubled current=doubled heat

54
Q

Electrosurgery is most effective with what type of tissue contact

A

Minimal

55
Q

T/F: you should activate your ESU before making contact with the patient’s skin

A

FALSE; make contact THEN turn on unit

56
Q

What does LASER stand for?

A

light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

57
Q

Light with the same:

1) frequency
2) wavelength

A

1) coherent

2) monochromatic

58
Q

What type of light is in the following ranges:

1) 400-700nm
2) <400nm
3) >700nm

A

1) visible light
2) ultraviolet
3) infrared

59
Q

2 words to describe laser light

A

coherent

monochromatic

60
Q

Wavelength of CO2 laser

A

10,600nm

61
Q

Tissue response to LASER interaction is determined by

A

energy dose

focused nature of the beam

62
Q

Inverting suture patterns (5/6)

A 
Lembert
Halsted
Cushing &amp; Connell
Purse-string
Purse-Kerr
63
Q

Everting suture patterns (2)

A

horizontal mattress

continuous lock

64
Q

increasing suture size by 2 sizes:

1) does what to knot volume
2) does what to reactivity

A

1) increases knot volume 4-6 fold

2) 2 fold increase in reactivity

Surgery (8 decks)

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