Info for Final Flashcards
How many throws make up a single square knot
2 throws
The main benefit of a surgeon’s knot is that it is able to?
resist tension
T/F: the surgeon’s knot is more secure than a regular square knot
FALSE–not more secure, just better at managing tension
concerning surgical masks, in which direction do the pleats face on the inside?
upward
Name 2 surgical scrub products for hand cleaning
2-4% chlorhexidine
Povidone-iodine (7.5%)
Impact of surgical glove degree of puncture resistance
the more resistance it has, the lower tactile sensitivity will be
Exposure time and temperature for:
1) gravity displacement sterilizer
2) prevacuum sterilizer
3) flash sterilization
1) 15mins @ 121-123C
2) 4mins @ 132-133C
3) 3-10mins @ 132*C
Which form of steam sterilization allows better steam penetration into packaged materials and less variation based on size
pre-vacuum sterilizer
What type of sterilization is used for glassware and moisture-sensitive items?
dry heat sterilization
T/F: Indicator tape can guarantee the sterility of internal items
False–only confirms exposure to appropriate temperatures
Choose your surgical instrument based on the composition of the ____
jaws
2 things that are corrosive to surgical instruments
blood & saline
Which are more traumatic:
1) instruments with fine teeth
2) instruments with serrations
instruments with serrations
Utility (operating) scissors are to be used on ___
inanimate objects (i.e. suture)
Advantage of:
1) curved scissor tips
2) straight scissor tips
1) greater maneuverability & visibility
2) greater mechanical advantage (for dense tissue)
Blades that you can use on:
1) #3 scalpel handle
2) #4 scalpel handle
1) 10,11,12,15
2) 20-25
Which type of cut allows for precise depth, length, and direction control
Slide cut
What type of cut is used to enter a body cavity or fluid-filled chambers
press cut (stab incision)
What type of incisions is the pencil grip used for?
short, precise incisions
Palmed grip (scalpel) should only be used when what is needed?
great pressure
Use of hemostatic forceps?
temporary hemostasis to facilitate ligation or cauterization
The 3 heuristics used in surgery
cognitive
perceptual
motor
the disorders associated with brachycephalic airway syndrome
stenotic nares
everted laryngeal saccules
elongated soft palate
laryngeal collapse
two common types of mucoceles
sublingual salivary
biliary
a high level disinfectant
2% glutaraldehyde
Which needle point is best for friable, parenchymal tissues?
blunt
The rate at which suture loses strength should be equal to what?
the rate at which the tissue it’s in gain strength
Mono vs. multifilament: which offers better handling characteristics?
multifilament
How is surgical gut/collagen-based suture material degraded?
enzymatic action of proteases and collagenases (enzymatic proteolysis)
Synthetic absorbable sutures are broken down via? What is the targeted area?
hydrolysis; targets ester-linkage
An acidic environment can accelerate the absorption of?
Polydioxanone (PDS II)
alkaline environment can impact absorption of? (3)
1) polyglyconate (Maxon)
2) poliglecaprone 25 (Monocryl)
3) glycomer 631 (Biosyn)
Two things impacted by adding a coating to suture material
absorption rate
tissue passage characteristics
Which type of suture material poses the greatest risk for chronic infection
multifilament, non-absorbable
The three stages of healing
inflammatory
repair
maturation
hallmark sign of the proliferation stage of healing
invasion of fibroblasts into the wound
Before healing begins, wound strength is determined by?
suture strength
____% of final wound strength is gained in the first _____ days
20% gained in first 21 days
T/F: most wounds NEVER return to original strength
True! (usually reach about 70-80%)
5 local wound factors that can impact healing
wound perfusion tissue viability presence of infection fluid accumulation mechanical forces
Holding/strength layer for GI tract
submucosa
how do cat wounds compare to dogs’ by 7 days? why?
have 1/2 as much strength; they have decreased cutaneous perfusion
% of strength gained by:
1) 14 days
2) 30 days
3) several months
1) 5-10%
2) 25%
3) 75-80%
4 factors that can impact wound closure
tension
motion
potential for self trauma
patient status (health)
the iceburg principle of puncture wounds is more true with _____ energy projectiles
high energy
Which type of skin flap allows for the greatest amount of coverage and why?
axial pattern flap; you are taking blood supply with the flap
A fresh tissue graft requires what?
a healthy bed of granulation tissue
Amount of pressure placed on the scalpel during a cut controls ____& _____ of the incision
shape & depth
2 advantages of tissue undermining
increases visualization
eases tension along incision to make wound closure easier
Blood volume:
1) dog
2) cat
1) 90ml/kg
2) 70ml/kg
best type of suture for ligation
small (4/0), absorbable, monofilament
T/F: hemostatic sponges can be used to facilitate clotting in patients with coagulation disorders
FALSE!!
sponges only provide scaffolding, don’t enhance
The amount of heat produce during electrosurgery is directly proportional to?
tissue resistance
doubled current=doubled heat
Electrosurgery is most effective with what type of tissue contact
Minimal
T/F: you should activate your ESU before making contact with the patient’s skin
FALSE; make contact THEN turn on unit
What does LASER stand for?
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
Light with the same:
1) frequency
2) wavelength
1) coherent
2) monochromatic
What type of light is in the following ranges:
1) 400-700nm
2) <400nm
3) >700nm
1) visible light
2) ultraviolet
3) infrared
2 words to describe laser light
coherent
monochromatic
Wavelength of CO2 laser
10,600nm
Tissue response to LASER interaction is determined by
energy dose
focused nature of the beam
Inverting suture patterns (5/6)
Lembert Halsted Cushing & Connell Purse-string Purse-Kerr
Everting suture patterns (2)
horizontal mattress
continuous lock
increasing suture size by 2 sizes:
1) does what to knot volume
2) does what to reactivity
1) increases knot volume 4-6 fold
2) 2 fold increase in reactivity
