Info between Exam 3 and Final

Question 1

Define abnormal behaviors

Answer 1

Behaviors which are uncommon or absent in free-ranging animals and is a result of captivity

Question 2

Define qualitative abnormalities

Answer 2

Behaviors which do NOT occur in the wild

Question 3

Define quantitative abnormalities

Answer 3

Behaviors which occur at lower frequencies in the wild

Question 4

What is an abnormal escape reaction and how do we reduce its severity

Answer 4

Animal released into enclosure runs headlong into a wall- can cause serious injury or death
Need to transport in narrow container and gradually get them used to larger and larger enclosures

Question 5

What is a common reason for the refusal of food

Answer 5

affect of capture or move to an unfamiliar enclosure

Question 6

Describe abnormal aggressiveness

Answer 6

hyperaggressivity
may only show up during mating season
may be due to overcrowding
may be directed toward particular people

Question 7

Define stereotyped motor reactions

Answer 7

Patterns of movement done repeatedly
“stereotypes”
Pattern may become fixed

Question 8

Define pacing

Answer 8

Animal moving in a straight pathway either from escape reaction or anticipation. The animal may need more room or more of a natural environment.

Question 9

What are the two definitions of flight distance

Answer 9

1. Minimum distance of approach which causes animal to take flight
2. Distance animal runs before stopping when frightened by a predator

Question 10

Define stress

Answer 10

Actually distress- fight or flight response
Animal that cannot maintain adequate space (flight distance) around it will constantly be stressed
- suppression of immune system
- capture myopathy

Question 11

Define weaving

Answer 11

Swinging head rhythmically, sometimes pawing with feet. Commonly seen in elephants and bears
Also seen in camels, rhinos, horses, psitaccines

Question 12

Define displacement reactions

Answer 12

Occur when incompatible tendencies are aroused simultaneously
exaggerated scratching and excessive self-grooming

Question 13

Define compensation reactions

Answer 13

redirected aggression

Question 14

Define self-mutilation

Answer 14

Sudden or chronic abnormal skin sensitivity- exaggerated licking, gnawing, and scratching. Can cause serious wounds or loss of digits or tail

Question 15

What is the hypothesis for the reasoning behind self-mutilation

Answer 15

compensation for not being able to catch prey
insufficient circulation to skin
inadequate diet
extreme redirected aggression

Question 16

Define abnormal sexual behavior

Answer 16

Captivity may change sexual patterns. Maturity may be obtained sooner, breeding season may begin earlier and end later
Substitute sexual objects

Question 17

What are 4 examples of perversion of appetite

Answer 17

1. coprophagia
2. re-ingestion of vomit
3. licking cage bars
4. eating anything novel

Question 18

Define apathy

Answer 18

Animal may become apparently depressed- common in social animals what a mate or offspring is removed or dies

Question 19

Describe abnormal mother/infant relations

Answer 19

Mother may ignore or eat offspring. May be due to internal stimuli (abnormal hormone levels) or external stimuli- disturbance prevents normal imprinting, change in appearance or smell, lack of adequate place to hide young

Question 20

Why does prolonged infantile behavior and regression occur

Answer 20

Hand-rearing often has the effect of prolonging infantile behavior. Captivity may prevent proper weaning
Regression- reversion to juvenile behavior

Question 21

Qualitative abnormalities in primate behavior

Answer 21

Bizarre postures- appear to be self-stimulation, often seen in isolate-reared animals
Floating limb, self-biting, clasping, grasping, saluting

Question 22

Stereotyped motor acts in primate behavior

Answer 22

stereotyped pacing
head tossing or weaving
bouncing in place
somersaulting
rocking

Question 23

Appetitive disorders in primate behavior

Answer 23

coprophagia
eating paint or other materials

Question 24

Quantitative abnormalities in primate behavior

Answer 24

Activity patterns- apathy, hyperactivity
Sexual disorders- inappropriate orientation, (homosexuality), sexual dysfunction, autoerotic stimulation
Appetitive disorders- hyperphagia, hypophagia, polydipsia

Question 25

What is the purpose of behavioral enrichment

Answer 25

Reduce, eliminate, or prevent abnormal behaviors
Encourage natural behaviors- species-typical behaviors

Question 26

History of behavioral enrichment

Answer 26

Simple cage (unnatural)
Naturalistic enclosure
Captive reproduction
Research facilities

Question 27

Animal Welfare Act: Define the Twenty-eight hour law- 1873

Answer 27

If livestock are being transported for longer than 28 consecutive hours, they must be offloaded for at least 5 consecutive hours to get feed, water, and rest. The U.S> Department of Agriculture enforces the law

Question 28

Animal Welfare Act: Define the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act- 1o66

Answer 28

The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) is the federal law governing the care and use of laboratory animals in the United States. The AWA covers all warm-blooded animals excluding farm animals, horses not used for research, and mice, rats, and birds bred for use in research

Question 29

Animal Welfare Act- 1970

Answer 29

Amended in 1985
“A physical environment adequate to promote the psychological well-being of primates”

Question 30

What is the most enriching thing you can do for an animal

Answer 30

To give the animal back some control. Captivity often means loss of control because the care giver makes decisions for the animal

Question 31

What is the procedure for planning out and giving enrichment

Answer 31

Step 1: baseline observations
Step 2: set goals
Step 3: design and implement enrichment
Step 4: observations to evaluate

Question 32

Define applied animal behavior

Answer 32

Utilizing knowledge of animal behavior

Question 33

How can wildlife management influence pest control

Answer 33

Elephants and honeybees
Raptors in landfills/airports/farms- biological control prevents the use of pesticides and sound pollution

Question 34

Describe animal medical training

Answer 34

Training of animals to voluntarily accept medical procedures
First successes with this kind of training- blood draw from fluke, flipper, gluteal vein, mucus from blowhole, urine sample, sample of stomach fluids

Question 35

Define conservation training

Answer 35

the use of behavior science to benefit wildlife conservation either directly or indirectly- Ken Ramirez

Question 36

Where was protected contract training first studied

Answer 36

First studied at San Diego Wild Animal Park

Question 37

Advantages to working protected contact

Answer 37

Keepers can work safely even with non aggressive animals
New keepers can start working with animals sooner- no need to establish dominance
Public views protected contact as more humane than free contact

Question 38

Disadvantages to working protected contact

Answer 38

Expense
Less control of herd behavior- breaking up fights, getting calves away from mothers
Side effects- trainer-animal relationship based on cooperation rather than dominance. Impact on institutional philosophy regarding training of zoo animals- opens the door to husbandry training of all the animals in the zoo.