Info between Exam 3 and Final Flashcards

1
Q

Define abnormal behaviors

A

Behaviors which are uncommon or absent in free-ranging animals and is a result of captivity

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2
Q

Define qualitative abnormalities

A

Behaviors which do NOT occur in the wild

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3
Q

Define quantitative abnormalities

A

Behaviors which occur at lower frequencies in the wild

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4
Q

What is an abnormal escape reaction and how do we reduce its severity

A

Animal released into enclosure runs headlong into a wall- can cause serious injury or death
Need to transport in narrow container and gradually get them used to larger and larger enclosures

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5
Q

What is a common reason for the refusal of food

A

affect of capture or move to an unfamiliar enclosure

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6
Q

Describe abnormal aggressiveness

A

hyperaggressivity
may only show up during mating season
may be due to overcrowding
may be directed toward particular people

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7
Q

Define stereotyped motor reactions

A

Patterns of movement done repeatedly
“stereotypes”
Pattern may become fixed

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8
Q

Define pacing

A

Animal moving in a straight pathway either from escape reaction or anticipation. The animal may need more room or more of a natural environment.

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9
Q

What are the two definitions of flight distance

A
  1. Minimum distance of approach which causes animal to take flight
  2. Distance animal runs before stopping when frightened by a predator
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10
Q

Define stress

A

Actually distress- fight or flight response
Animal that cannot maintain adequate space (flight distance) around it will constantly be stressed
- suppression of immune system
- capture myopathy

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11
Q

Define weaving

A

Swinging head rhythmically, sometimes pawing with feet. Commonly seen in elephants and bears
Also seen in camels, rhinos, horses, psitaccines

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12
Q

Define displacement reactions

A

Occur when incompatible tendencies are aroused simultaneously
exaggerated scratching and excessive self-grooming

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13
Q

Define compensation reactions

A

redirected aggression

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14
Q

Define self-mutilation

A

Sudden or chronic abnormal skin sensitivity- exaggerated licking, gnawing, and scratching. Can cause serious wounds or loss of digits or tail

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15
Q

What is the hypothesis for the reasoning behind self-mutilation

A

compensation for not being able to catch prey
insufficient circulation to skin
inadequate diet
extreme redirected aggression

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16
Q

Define abnormal sexual behavior

A

Captivity may change sexual patterns. Maturity may be obtained sooner, breeding season may begin earlier and end later
Substitute sexual objects

17
Q

What are 4 examples of perversion of appetite

A
  1. coprophagia
  2. re-ingestion of vomit
  3. licking cage bars
  4. eating anything novel
18
Q

Define apathy

A

Animal may become apparently depressed- common in social animals what a mate or offspring is removed or dies

19
Q

Describe abnormal mother/infant relations

A

Mother may ignore or eat offspring. May be due to internal stimuli (abnormal hormone levels) or external stimuli- disturbance prevents normal imprinting, change in appearance or smell, lack of adequate place to hide young

20
Q

Why does prolonged infantile behavior and regression occur

A

Hand-rearing often has the effect of prolonging infantile behavior. Captivity may prevent proper weaning
Regression- reversion to juvenile behavior

21
Q

Qualitative abnormalities in primate behavior

A

Bizarre postures- appear to be self-stimulation, often seen in isolate-reared animals
Floating limb, self-biting, clasping, grasping, saluting

22
Q

Stereotyped motor acts in primate behavior

A

stereotyped pacing
head tossing or weaving
bouncing in place
somersaulting
rocking

23
Q

Appetitive disorders in primate behavior

A

coprophagia
eating paint or other materials

24
Q

Quantitative abnormalities in primate behavior

A

Activity patterns- apathy, hyperactivity
Sexual disorders- inappropriate orientation, (homosexuality), sexual dysfunction, autoerotic stimulation
Appetitive disorders- hyperphagia, hypophagia, polydipsia

25
What is the purpose of behavioral enrichment
Reduce, eliminate, or prevent abnormal behaviors Encourage natural behaviors- species-typical behaviors
26
History of behavioral enrichment
Simple cage (unnatural) Naturalistic enclosure Captive reproduction Research facilities
27
Animal Welfare Act: Define the Twenty-eight hour law- 1873
If livestock are being transported for longer than 28 consecutive hours, they must be offloaded for at least 5 consecutive hours to get feed, water, and rest. The U.S> Department of Agriculture enforces the law
28
Animal Welfare Act: Define the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act- 1o66
The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) is the federal law governing the care and use of laboratory animals in the United States. The AWA covers all warm-blooded animals excluding farm animals, horses not used for research, and mice, rats, and birds bred for use in research
29
Animal Welfare Act- 1970
Amended in 1985 "A physical environment adequate to promote the psychological well-being of primates"
30
What is the most enriching thing you can do for an animal
To give the animal back some control. Captivity often means loss of control because the care giver makes decisions for the animal
31
What is the procedure for planning out and giving enrichment
Step 1: baseline observations Step 2: set goals Step 3: design and implement enrichment Step 4: observations to evaluate
32
Define applied animal behavior
Utilizing knowledge of animal behavior
33
How can wildlife management influence pest control
Elephants and honeybees Raptors in landfills/airports/farms- biological control prevents the use of pesticides and sound pollution
34
Describe animal medical training
Training of animals to voluntarily accept medical procedures First successes with this kind of training- blood draw from fluke, flipper, gluteal vein, mucus from blowhole, urine sample, sample of stomach fluids
35
Define conservation training
the use of behavior science to benefit wildlife conservation either directly or indirectly- Ken Ramirez
36
Where was protected contract training first studied
First studied at San Diego Wild Animal Park
37
Advantages to working protected contact
Keepers can work safely even with non aggressive animals New keepers can start working with animals sooner- no need to establish dominance Public views protected contact as more humane than free contact
38
Disadvantages to working protected contact
Expense Less control of herd behavior- breaking up fights, getting calves away from mothers Side effects- trainer-animal relationship based on cooperation rather than dominance. Impact on institutional philosophy regarding training of zoo animals- opens the door to husbandry training of all the animals in the zoo.