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Pharmacology Paramedic > Info > Flashcards

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1
Q

Generic name

A

Registered name written in lowercase

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2
Q

Chemical name

A

Gives chemical structure often long and difficult to remember

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3
Q

Tradename

A

Also known as brand-name always begins with a capital letter

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4
Q

Pharmocology

A

Study of biochemical and physiologic Properties medication

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5
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Refers to how the body ask on a medication including how the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream, distributed throughout the body, and how body metabolizes drug along with how the body eliminates the drug

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6
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

How are drug works in interacts with various receptors

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7
Q

Dose response relationship

A

As the dose of medication increases so does the psychological effect until increasing the medication no longer produces an increase in the desired physiological effect

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8
Q

How long does it take for oral medications to take effect

A

30 minutes to one hour

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9
Q

Enteral administration

A

Absorbed through the G.I. track

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10
Q

First pass metabolism

A

When a jug goes through the G.I. track and go through the liver it can be partially metabolized reducing the amount of medication available for distribution in the body

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11
Q

Parenteral

A

Medication’s that bypass the G.I. track

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12
Q

Non injectable parenteral routes include

A

Topical, intranasal, inhalational

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13
Q

Injectable medication’s are

A

Intramuscular, intravenous, introosseous and subcutaneous

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14
Q

Bioavailability

A

The percentage of an administer drug that is available in the bloodstream to act at the target tissue

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15
Q

Half-life

A

Time required for the concentration of a medication in the bloodstream to decrease to half of its original level

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16
Q

Duration of action

A

The amount of time a single dose of medication produces the desired effect

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17
Q

Nebulized

A

Medication made into smaller particles by a delivery device and then given through inhalation

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18
Q

 First pass metabolism

A

Medication given orally requires a significantly higher dose than the same medication given by a parenteral route

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19
Q

Drug excretion

A

Removal of a drug or metabolite from the body.

Kidneys often play a role in removal of drug and drug byproducts

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20
Q

First order kinetics

Aka Exponential kinetics of absorption

A

Discuss is only a fraction of the medication is absorbed into the bloodstream when given any other route other than through an IV. This is due to absorption in the intestinal track

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21
Q

Zero order kinetics

A

When a drug is given through IV 100% of the medication is available in the bloodstream

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22
Q

Volume of distribution

A

The space that the drug would occupy it is expressed as milligrams/liters or such

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23
Q

Passive diffusion

A

When medication penetrate cells by simply crossing through the cells membrane

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24
Q

Carrier mediated facilitated diffusion

A

Transportation of a drug into a particular cell depends on a second molecule to carry the drug molecules into the cell

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25
Q

Saturable process

A

When the concentration of drug outside the cell increases the rate of transporting the drug into the cell increases. This is connected with Carrier meditated facilitated diffusion. However once the drug reaches a certain concentration no more drug can enter the cell without the carrier present

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26
Q

Active transport

A

Drug requires a macromolecule to assist in transport. The drug is capable of reaching a point of saturation. Requires energy

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27
Q

Passive transport

A

When a molecule moves down a concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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28
Q

Endocytosis

A

So essentially forms a sack around the drug molecule with the sales membrane and the cell membrane folds inward bringing the drug into the cell

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29
Q

Onset of action or Latent period

A

Time interval from administration to desired effect

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30
Q

 Therapeutic index

A

Combines effective dose 50 and the lethal dose 50

31
Q

Mechanism of action

A

The way the drug works at the target tissue

32
Q

What are the three mechanism of action

A
  1. drug receptor interactions
  2. drug enzyme interactions
  3. nonspecific drug interactions
33
Q

Reversible binding

A

Occurs when the drug is able to separate from the cells receptor such as removing a key from the lock

34
Q

Irreversible binding

A

Once the drug binds to a receptor it cannot separate from the receptor

35
Q

Agonist

A

Produces a desired psychological effect upon binding with the receptor.

Turns things on

36
Q

Antagonist

A

A drug that diminishes or eradicate the physiologic effect 

37
Q

Pharmacologic antagonism

A

Agonist binds to a receptor and prevents the biologic effect of the agonist.

Can be either competitive or non-competitive

38
Q

Competitive antagonist

A

Buying to the receptor in a reversible fashion. With increasing concentration of agonist the competitive antagonist can be displaced by the agonist

39
Q

Noncompetitive agonist

A

Irreversibly binds to the receptor regardless of how much agonist is given

40
Q

Partial agonist

A

Medication spine to receptor site and initiate a reduced amount of cellular activity compared to other chemicals are medication’s

41
Q

Affinity

A

Attraction between drug and receptor

42
Q

Efficacy

A

Ability of drug to produce the desired biological effects by binding to and unlocking a given receptor

43
Q

Potency

A

Turn used to compare the different doses of two medication’s and producing the same effect

44
Q

Summation

A

When two medications with the same effect given together produce an effect in equal magnitude to the effects of the two drugs when given independently. 1+1 = 2

45
Q

Synergism

A

Observed effect of the two medication‘s when given concurrently is greater than the effect of the medication when given individually. 1+1 >2

46
Q

Drug enzyme interactions

A

Drugs interact with enzymes and either increase or decrease the enzymes meditated chemical reaction

47
Q

 Substrate

A

Enzyme works by binding to the starting compound

48
Q

Nonspecific drug interactions

A

When a drug acts on a target Oregon or tissue and a method that does not require binding of a drug or either a receptor or an enzyme.

49
Q

Idiosyncratic response

A

Rare and unpredicted response to a medication

50
Q

Allergenic response

A

Patient mounts an antibody response to a medication

51
Q

Drug interaction

A

Effects of one drug or modified by or interfere with the effects of a second drug administered concurrently

52
Q

What are the two types of drug interactions

A
  1. Alters the plasma level of the particular medication.

2. alters the effects of the medication

53
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Controls skeletal muscles and movement

54
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Control and integrate many major body functions.

Contains two divisions the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system

55
Q

Adrenic receptors

Adrenic Agonists

A

Medication’s that exert effects on the sympathetic nervous system

56
Q

Cholinergic agonists

A

Drugs act on the parasympathetic Nervous system

57
Q

Adrenergic receptors

A

Get their name from adrenaline.

This is more commonly known as Epping Efron and is responsible for increasing heart rate, increasing contract ability of the heart increasing blood pressure and dilating bronchioles of the lungs

58
Q

How much fluid can the deltoid tolerate

A

2 mL

59
Q

How much fluid can an injection in the psi take

A

No more than 5 mL

60
Q

Where is the injection site for Vastus lateralis

A

Placing one hand on the upper thigh and one hand on the lower side. The area between two hands on the anterior surface

61
Q

Dorsalogluteal injection’s

A

The upper outer quadrant of the buttocks

Should not be done in patient younger than two years or who are very thin or emaciated 

62
Q

Ventralogluteal injection’s

A

Place heel of your hand resting on the greater trochanter the thumb towards the umbilicus the index finger on the anterior iliac spine and the middle finger on the posterior iliac crest. Theory of injection is in the V formed

63
Q

Subcutaneous space

A

Tissue between the dermis of the skin and the underline muscle.

Does not tolerate injection greater than 2 mL

Does not have a rich blood supply therefore medication’s have a slow onset of action and prolong duration of action

64
Q

How much more do you have to increase the medical does when giving medication through the ET to

A

2 to 2.5

Dilute in 10 mL of normal saline for adult patients in 5 mL of normal Saline for pediatric

65
Q

Dehydration

A

Lots of water from fluid space inside the cell

66
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

Fluid found inside the cell and extra cellular fluid which comprises intravascular fluid and interstitial fluid which is fluid between the cells and outside the vascular bed

67
Q

Sodium

A

Most prominent electrolyte in blood and interstitial fluid

68
Q

Potassium

A

Most prominent electrolyte in body cells

69
Q

Salt

A

Chemical Compound with a positive electrical charge

70
Q

 Autoresuscitate

A

Shifting fluid from both the intracellular space and the interstitial space into the intravascular space

71
Q

Hypotonic

A

Fluid that has less osmotic pressure

72
Q

Hypertonic

A

Fluid that has greater normal osmotic pressure

73
Q

Isotonic

A

Equal osmotic pressure with the body under normal conditions

Pharmacology Paramedic (1 decks)

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